**Activity 2: Sort the following molecules according to their molecular geometry** **Molecules:** - SbF₅ - COCl₂ - KrF₂ - AsF₅ - ICl₃ - O₃ - I₃⁻ - IF₄⁺ - PF₅ - SiCl₄ - SF₂ - CS₂ - XeF₄⁺ **3D Models of Molecules:** The image contains several 3D molecular models, depicted with central atoms in pink and surrounding atoms in white. Each molecule displays different shapes such as linear, bent, trigonal planar, tetrahedral, trigonal bipyramidal, and octahedral geometries. Below each model, there are blank lines intended for writing down the molecular names or geometries that match the provided models. **Explanation:** - *Linear geometry*: Characterized by a central atom bonded to two other atoms in a straight line. - *Bent geometry*: The central atom is bonded to two atoms but forms a V-shape. - *Trigonal planar*: A central atom bonded to three atoms in the same plane, forming a triangular shape. - *Tetrahedral geometry*: A central atom bonded to four atoms, forming a pyramid shape with a triangular base. - *Trigonal bipyramidal*: A central atom surrounded by five atoms, with three in a plane and two above and below. - *Octahedral geometry*: A central atom surrounded by six atoms, arranged symmetrically in three-dimensional space. **Task:** Students are expected to match each 3D molecular model with the correct molecule from the list by identifying its geometry and writing it on the provided lines.
Formal Charges
Formal charges have an important role in organic chemistry since this concept helps us to know whether an atom in a molecule is neutral/bears a positive or negative charge. Even if some molecules are neutral, the atoms within that molecule need not be neutral atoms.
Polarity Of Water
In simple chemical terms, polarity refers to the separation of charges in a chemical species leading into formation of two polar ends which are positively charged end and negatively charged end. Polarity in any molecule occurs due to the differences in the electronegativities of the bonded atoms. Water, as we all know has two hydrogen atoms bonded to an oxygen atom. As oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen thus, there exists polarity in the bonds which is why water is known as a polar solvent.
Valence Bond Theory Vbt
Valence bond theory (VBT) in simple terms explains how individual atomic orbitals with an unpaired electron each, come close to each other and overlap to form a molecular orbital giving a covalent bond. It gives a quantum mechanical approach to the formation of covalent bonds with the help of wavefunctions using attractive and repulsive energies when two atoms are brought from infinity to their internuclear distance.
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