Reactive Intermediates
In chemistry, reactive intermediates are termed as short-lived, highly reactive atoms with high energy. They rapidly transform into stable particles during a chemical reaction. In specific cases, by means of matrix isolation and at low-temperature reactive intermediates can be isolated.
Hydride Shift
A hydride shift is a rearrangement of a hydrogen atom in a carbocation that occurs to make the molecule more stable. In organic chemistry, rearrangement of the carbocation is very easily seen. This rearrangement can be because of the movement of a carbocation to attain stability in the compound. Such structural reorganization movement is called a shift within molecules. After the shifting of carbocation over the different carbon then they form structural isomers of the previous existing molecule.
Vinylic Carbocation
A carbocation where the positive charge is on the alkene carbon is known as the vinyl carbocation or vinyl cation. The empirical formula for vinyl cation is C2H3+. In the vinyl carbocation, the positive charge is on the carbon atom with the double bond therefore it is sp hybridized. It is known to be a part of various reactions, for example, electrophilic addition of alkynes and solvolysis as well. It plays the role of a reactive intermediate in these reactions.
Cycloheptatrienyl Cation
It is an aromatic carbocation having a general formula, [C7 H7]+. It is also known as the aromatic tropylium ion. Its name is derived from the molecule tropine, which is a seven membered carbon atom ring. Cycloheptatriene or tropylidene was first synthesized from tropine.
Stability of Vinyl Carbocation
Carbocations are positively charged carbon atoms. It is also known as a carbonium ion.
![### Friedel-Crafts Alkylation Reaction:
**Description:**
In this schematic representation, we have a Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction involving benzene and a chloroalkane (3-chloro-2-methylbutane), catalyzed by aluminum chloride (AlCl3). This reaction results in the possible formation of several alkylated benzene products.
**Reaction:**
The reaction formula is given by:
\[ \text{Benzene} + \text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{CH}(\text{CH}_3)\text{CH}_2\text{Cl} \xrightarrow{\text{AlCl}_3} \]
**Possible Products:**
There are five potential products labeled (a) to (e):
1. **Product (a):**
- Structure: Benzene ring attached to a 2-methylpropyl group
- Representation: \(\text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{CH}_2\text{CH}(\text{CH}_3)\text{CH}_3\)
2. **Product (b):**
- Structure: Benzene ring attached to a 2-butyl group
- Representation: \(\text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{CH}(\text{CH}_3)\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_3\)
3. **Product (c):**
- Structure: Benzene ring attached to a tert-butyl group
- Representation: \(\text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{C}(\text{CH}_3)_2\text{CH}_3\)
4. **Product (d):**
- Structure: Benzene ring attached to a 2-propyl group
- Representation: \(\text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{CH}_2\text{CH}(\text{CH}_3)_2\)
5. **Product (e):**
- Structure: Benzene ring attached to a n-butyl group
- Representation: \(\text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_3\)
**Explanation:**
Each product results from the different possible carb](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F6da61eaa-bdf5-4117-bcfb-23e14b5928a8%2F3e2cc1c4-0804-4633-83e2-d49bd2c2e15a%2Fc9cxlbz_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
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