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„CH CH3 CH :Br: CH3 + NH4 CH H3C + NH3 :Br: H3c-CH ammonia ammonium bromide 2-butene 2-bromobutane с. Lewis acid of the reaction above is Lewis base of the reaction above is

„CH CH3 CH :Br: CH3 + NH4 CH H3C + NH3 :Br: H3c-CH ammonia ammonium bromide 2-butene 2-bromobutane с. Lewis acid of the reaction above is Lewis base of the reaction above is

Chemistry
Chemistry
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Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
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Identify the Lewis acid and Lewis base in the organic reactions (on the reactant side) below

### Reaction Mechanism In the diagram above, we see a chemical reaction between 2-bromobutane and ammonia. This is an example of a nucleophilic substitution reaction. Here's a step-by-step breakdown of what occurs: 1. **Reactants**: - **2-bromobutane**: This molecule consists of a butane chain with a bromine atom attached to the second carbon atom. - **Ammonia (NH₃)**: A simple molecule consisting of one nitrogen atom bonded to three hydrogen atoms. 2. **Mechanism**: - The bromine atom (Br) on 2-bromobutane is partially negative because bromine is more electronegative than carbon. - Ammonia, having a lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen, acts as a nucleophile (Lewis base). It donates this lone pair to the carbon atom bonded to bromine (C-Br bond). - This causes the bromine to leave as a bromide ion (Br⁻), since it has high electron affinity. - As a result, the alkene 2-butene is formed along with ammonium bromide. 3. **Products**: - **2-butene**: An alkene with a double bond between the second and third carbons in the butane chain. - **Ammonium bromide (NH₄Br)**: Formed when the ammonia (NH₄⁺) interacts with the bromide ion (Br⁻). ### Identification of Lewis Acid and Base In the context of this reaction: - **Lewis Acid**: Typically, a Lewis acid is an electron pair acceptor. In this reaction, however, there is no traditional Lewis acid since we're dealing with a nucleophilic substitution, not an acidic behavior. - **Lewis Base**: The Lewis base here is **ammonia (NH₃)**, as it donates a pair of electrons (nucleophile) to bond with the carbon originally bonded to the bromine. --- This mechanism showcases an important organic chemistry concept, highlighting the role of nucleophiles and electrophiles in substitution reactions. Understanding this principle is fundamental for grasping more complex reactions in organic synthesis.
Transcribed Image Text:### Reaction Mechanism In the diagram above, we see a chemical reaction between 2-bromobutane and ammonia. This is an example of a nucleophilic substitution reaction. Here's a step-by-step breakdown of what occurs: 1. **Reactants**: - **2-bromobutane**: This molecule consists of a butane chain with a bromine atom attached to the second carbon atom. - **Ammonia (NH₃)**: A simple molecule consisting of one nitrogen atom bonded to three hydrogen atoms. 2. **Mechanism**: - The bromine atom (Br) on 2-bromobutane is partially negative because bromine is more electronegative than carbon. - Ammonia, having a lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen, acts as a nucleophile (Lewis base). It donates this lone pair to the carbon atom bonded to bromine (C-Br bond). - This causes the bromine to leave as a bromide ion (Br⁻), since it has high electron affinity. - As a result, the alkene 2-butene is formed along with ammonium bromide. 3. **Products**: - **2-butene**: An alkene with a double bond between the second and third carbons in the butane chain. - **Ammonium bromide (NH₄Br)**: Formed when the ammonia (NH₄⁺) interacts with the bromide ion (Br⁻). ### Identification of Lewis Acid and Base In the context of this reaction: - **Lewis Acid**: Typically, a Lewis acid is an electron pair acceptor. In this reaction, however, there is no traditional Lewis acid since we're dealing with a nucleophilic substitution, not an acidic behavior. - **Lewis Base**: The Lewis base here is **ammonia (NH₃)**, as it donates a pair of electrons (nucleophile) to bond with the carbon originally bonded to the bromine. --- This mechanism showcases an important organic chemistry concept, highlighting the role of nucleophiles and electrophiles in substitution reactions. Understanding this principle is fundamental for grasping more complex reactions in organic synthesis.
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