Certain metals, particularly transition metals, can form multiple cations, each with a different charge. In that case, the name of the metal is followed by a (______________) letter or number or Roman numeral (enclosed in parentheses) that indicates the amount of charge. For example, tin can form the cations Sn2+ and Sn4+. Sn2+ is called the tin(II) ion and Sn4+ is called the tin(IV) ion. Mercury is unique in that it can form the cations Hg22+ and Hg2+. Hg22+ is called the mercury(I) ion and Hg2+ is called the mercury(II) ion. • Some polyatomic cations are formed from nonmetal atoms, and they are named with the suffix -ium. The two most familiar examples are NH4+, the ammonium ion, and H3O+, the hydronium ion. Anions are named according to the following rules. • If the anion is monatomic, the ending of the element's name is replaced with the suffix (______________________) -ic or -ide or -ite or -ous . For example, F− is the fluoride ion, and S2− is the sulfide ion. • The names of some polyatomic anions also end with -ide. They include OH−, the hydroxide ion, and CN−, the cyanide ion. • If the polyatomic anion contains oxygen, it is classified as an oxyanion. The most common oxyanion is usually named with the ending -ate, and an oxyanion with the same charge but one less O atom is named with the ending (________________) -ic or -ide or -ite or -ous . For example, NO3− is the nitrate ion, and NO2− is the nitrite ion. • If H+ (or 2 H+) is added to an oxyanion, the new ion is named by adding the word hydrogen (or dihydrogen, if appropriate) before the name of the oxyanion. For example, PO43− is the phosphate ion, and HPO42− is the hydrogen phosphate ion. Ionic compounds are named in the following manner. • The cation is named first, followed by the name of the anion. For example, Na2CO3 is sodium carbonate, and NaHCO3 is sodium hydrogen carbonate. From your identification of the ions and their stoichiometry in the ionic compound, determine their charges. (Enter your answer using the format +1 and -2.) Acetate ion, C2H3O2−, has a −1 charge. Copper ions can have a +1 or +2 charge. The compound has twoacetate ions, for a total negative charge of (__________). Therefore, the single copper ion, Cu2+, must have a positive charge of (_____________).

Certain metals, particularly transition metals, can form multiple cations, each with a different charge. In that case, the name of the metal is followed by a () letter or number or Roman numeral (enclosed in parentheses) that indicates the amount of charge. For example, tin can form the cations Sn2+ and Sn4+. Sn2+ is called the tin(II) ion and Sn4+ is called the tin(IV) ion. Mercury is unique in that it can form the cations Hg22+ and Hg2+. Hg22+ is called the mercury(I) ion and Hg2+ is called the mercury(II) ion. • Some polyatomic cations are formed from nonmetal atoms, and they are named with the suffix -ium. The two most familiar examples are NH4+, the ammonium ion, and H3O+, the hydronium ion. Anions are named according to the following rules. • If the anion is monatomic, the ending of the element's name is replaced with the suffix () -ic or -ide or -ite or -ous . For example, F− is the fluoride ion, and S2− is the sulfide ion. • The names of some polyatomic anions also end with -ide. They include OH−, the hydroxide ion, and CN−, the cyanide ion. • If the polyatomic anion contains oxygen, it is classified as an oxyanion. The most common oxyanion is usually named with the ending -ate, and an oxyanion with the same charge but one less O atom is named with the ending () -ic or -ide or -ite or -ous . For example, NO3− is the nitrate ion, and NO2− is the nitrite ion. • If H+ (or 2 H+) is added to an oxyanion, the new ion is named by adding the word hydrogen (or dihydrogen, if appropriate) before the name of the oxyanion. For example, PO43− is the phosphate ion, and HPO42− is the hydrogen phosphate ion. Ionic compounds are named in the following manner. • The cation is named first, followed by the name of the anion. For example, Na2CO3 is sodium carbonate, and NaHCO3 is sodium hydrogen carbonate. From your identification of the ions and their stoichiometry in the ionic compound, determine their charges. (Enter your answer using the format +1 and -2.) Acetate ion, C2H3O2−, has a −1 charge. Copper ions can have a +1 or +2 charge. The compound has twoacetate ions, for a total negative charge of (). Therefore, the single copper ion, Cu2+, must have a positive charge of (___).

Chemistry

10th Edition

ISBN:9781305957404

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Chapter1: Chemical Foundations

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...

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Recall the rules for naming cations, anions, and ionic compounds.
Cations are named according to the following rules.

•	When a cation is made from a metal atom, it is given the same name as the metal. For example, K⁺ is called the potassium ion, and Mg²⁺ is called the magnesium ion.

•

Certain metals, particularly transition metals, can form multiple cations, each with a different charge. In that case, the name of the metal is followed by a (______________) letter or number or Roman numeral (enclosed in parentheses) that indicates the amount of charge. For example, tin can form the cations Sn²⁺ and Sn⁴⁺. Sn²⁺ is called the tin(II) ion and Sn⁴⁺ is called the tin(IV) ion. Mercury is unique in that it can form the cations Hg₂²⁺ and Hg²⁺. Hg₂²⁺ is called the mercury(I) ion and Hg²⁺ is called the mercury(II) ion.

•	Some polyatomic cations are formed from nonmetal atoms, and they are named with the suffix -ium. The two most familiar examples are NH₄⁺, the ammonium ion, and H₃O⁺, the hydronium ion.

Anions are named according to the following rules.

•	If the anion is monatomic, the ending of the element's name is replaced with the suffix (______________________) -ic or -ide or -ite or -ous . For example, F⁻ is the fluoride ion, and S²⁻ is the sulfide ion.

•	The names of some polyatomic anions also end with -ide. They include OH⁻, the hydroxide ion, and CN⁻, the cyanide ion.

•

If the polyatomic anion contains oxygen, it is classified as an oxyanion. The most common oxyanion is usually named with the ending -ate, and an oxyanion with the same charge but one less O atom is named with the ending (________________) -ic or -ide or -ite or -ous . For example, NO₃⁻ is the nitrate ion, and NO₂⁻ is the nitrite ion.

•	If H⁺ (or 2 H⁺) is added to an oxyanion, the new ion is named by adding the word hydrogen (or dihydrogen, if appropriate) before the name of the oxyanion. For example, PO₄³⁻ is the phosphate ion, and HPO₄²⁻ is the hydrogen phosphate ion.

Ionic compounds are named in the following manner.

•	The cation is named first, followed by the name of the anion. For example, Na₂CO₃ is sodium carbonate, and NaHCO₃ is sodium hydrogen carbonate.

From your identification of the ions and their stoichiometry in the ionic compound, determine their charges. (Enter your answer using the format +1 and -2.)
Acetate ion, C₂H₃O₂⁻, has a −1 charge. Copper ions can have a +1 or +2 charge. The compound has twoacetate ions, for a total negative charge of (__________). Therefore, the single copper ion, Cu²⁺, must have a positive charge of (_____________).

Determine the oxidation number of an element in a substance.

(a) carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

ionic compound name _________________________

chemical formula _____________________________

(b) carbon and iodine

ionic compound name __________________________

chemical formula ______________________________

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