Cells & Molecules BIOL 1200-004 Take Home Quiz 4/28/2023 Name Amy Blake Franklin and Wilkins and Watson and Crick were able to determine the alpha-helical shape, number of strands, the diameter of the helix and the spacing of the bases along the helix using data from: DNA sequencing Polymerase chain reaction X-ray crystallography. Electron microscopy Gel electrophoresis 1. 2. It became apparent to Watson and Crick after completion of their model that the DNA molecule could carry a vast amount of hereditary information in its 3. e. 5. a. phosphate-sugar backbones. b) C. d. e. The strands that make up DNA are antiparallel. This means that the twisting nature of DNA creates nonparallel strands. one strand is positively charged and the other is negatively charged. one strand contains only purines and the other contains only pyrimidines. the 5' to 3' direction of one strand runs opposite to the 5' to 3' direction base pairings create unequal spacing between the two DNA strands. a. b. e. sequence of bases. side groups of nitrogenous bases. different five-carbon sugars. Anti-parallel backbone 4. The enzyme which catalyzes the elongation of a DNA strand by making phosphodiester bonds between the adjacent nucleotides in the 5' → 3' direction? helicase 6. DNA polymerase DNA ligase d. topoisomerase e. primase a. b. © d. e. The RNA type that can bind to the mRNA codon with its anti-codon end, delivering the correct amino acid for translation on the ribosome: Ribosomal RNA or rRNA Messenger or mRNA Transfer or tRNA intron exon 6. A new DNA strand elongates only in the 5' to 3' direction because the other strand. a DNA polymerase begins adding nucleotides at the 5' end of the template. b. the polarity of the DNA molecule prevents addition of nucleotides at the 3' end. C. Okazaki fragments prevent elongation in the 3' to 5' direction. d. DNA polymerase can only add nucleotides to the free 3' end. e. replication must progress toward the replication fork. 7. The polymerase chain reaction is important because it allows us to a make many copies of a targeted segment of DNA. b. insert eukaryotic genes into prokaryotic plasmids. insert regulatory sequences into eukaryotic genes. C. d. incorporate genes into viruses. e. make DNA from RNA transcripts. 1
DNA and RNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is usually called the blueprint of life. Deoxyribose is a monosaccharide that has a key function in the synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid. One less oxygen-containing hydroxyl group occurs in deoxyribose sugar. Nucleic acid, deoxyribonucleic acid, is one of the natural components. Deoxyribonucleic acid is a double-stranded molecule. Watson and Crick postulated the double-stranded model of the helix. A deoxyribonucleic acid is a molecular group that carries and transmits genetic information from parents to offspring. All eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells are involved.
DNA as the Genetic Material
DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is a long polymeric nucleic acid molecule discovered in the late 1930s. It is a polymer; a long chain-like molecule made up of several monomers connected in a sequence. It possesses certain characteristics that qualify it as a genetic component. Certain organisms have different types of nucleic acids as their genetic material - DNA or RNA.
Genetics
The significant branch in science which involves the study of genes, gene variations, and the organism's heredity is known as genetics. It is also used to study the involvement of a gene or set of genes in the health of an individual and how it prevents several diseases in a human being. Thus, genetics also creates an understanding of various medical conditions.
DNA Replication
The mechanism by which deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is capable of producing an exact copy of its own is defined as DNA replication. The DNA molecules utilize a semiconservative method for replication.
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