Cat breeders are aware that kittens expressing the X-linked calico coat pattern and tortoiseshell pattern are almost invariably females. Why are they certain of this?
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Cat breeders are aware that kittens expressing the X-linked calico
coat pattern and tortoiseshell pattern are almost invariably
females. Why are they certain of this?
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- Analysis of X-Linked Dominant and Recessive Traits In the eighteenth century, a young boy with a skin condition known as ichthyosis hystrix gravior was identified. The phenotype of this disorder includes thickening of skin and the formation of loose spines that are sloughed off periodically. This man married and had six sons, all of whom had the same condition. He also had several daughters, all of whom were unaffected. In all succeeding generations, the condition was passed on from father to son. What can you theorize about the location of the gene that causes ichthyosis hystrix gravior?Normal vision (XA) in humans is dominant to color blindness (Xa) and is X-linked. A man with normal vision, whose father was colorblind, marries a colorblind woman. What are the chances that a son will be colorblind? What are the chances that a daughter will be colorblind? The determiner for brown eyes (B) is dominant to blue eyes (b) and is not X-linked. A colorblind man with brown eyes, whose mother was blue-eyed, marries a blue-eyed woman having normal vision, whose father was colorblind. Show the expected phenotypes ratio of their children involving eye color, color blindness, and sex.Barr bodies are formed to adjust X chromosome dosage in species other than humans, such as Drosophila (fruit flies) and C. elegans (nematodes). True or False ?
- Human females who are heterozygous for an X-linked recessive allele sometimes exhibit mild expression of the trait. However, such mild expression of X-linked traits in females who are heterozygous for Xlinked alleles is not seen in Drosophila. What might cause this difference in the expression of X-linked genes between human females and female Drosophila? (Hint: In Drosophila, dosage compensation is accomplished by doubling the activity of genes on the X chromosome of males.)Although most tortoiseshell cats are female, a litter of kittens will occasionally contain a male tortoiseshell. Which of the following can explain tortoiseshell coat color in a male kitten? Please explain in detail. The male kitten has an extra Y chromosome The male kitten has an extra X chromosome The male kitten has no X chromosome The male kitten cannot carry out X-inactivationMales of many diploid species (like us) have X and Y sex chromosomes. They are hemizygous for most X- linked genes. Thus, males express most X-linked alleles, whether they are dominant or recessive in females. In the fruit fly Drosophila, it is common to achieve the equivalent of a test cross of X-linked genes in females by assessing the readily observed phenotypes of their male progeny. Since males do not receive X-linked genes from their father, sires of these crosses can be normal or wild-type flies. In fly genetics, it is conventional to name a gene after the mutant phenotype that enabled its discovery. Your challenge is to establish gene order and map distances between three X-linked genes in Drosophila. Each gene is represented by recessive mutant alleles that express rather distinctive phenotypes relative to their dominant wild-type alternative alleles. Flies expressing fruitless (f) are bisexual, lush (1) have a heightened responses to ethanol, and ken&barbie (kb) lack external…
- Predict the probability (using a Punnett square) of producing an offspring affected by a single gene X-linked mutation given the genotype of the parents. Compare these crosses in two cases: where the mutant allele is “A” vs where the mutant allele is “a” (XAXA x XaY) (XAXa x XAY) (XAXa x XaY) (XaXa x XAY) (XaXa x XaY). Include gender in the phenotype.In domesticated cats, the following are Independently assorting: 6. Normal ears (T) is dominant to tufted ears (t); Curved whiskers (C) is dominant to straight whiskers (c); The presence of six toes (S) is dominant to five toes (s); Gene for hair length is an X-linked codominant. The three phenotypes for hair length are long (XHXH), medium (X"X*), and short (X"Xh); medium is the heterozygous condition. Given two parents: TtccSSXHXh x TtCcSsXHY a) How many different gametes could be formed in the female cat with respect to these four traits? b) How many different phenotypes are possible in the offspring from this mating?Let’s suppose that two different X-linked genes exist in mice,designated with the letters N and L. Gene N exists in a dominant,normal allele and in a recessive allele, n, that is lethal. Similarly,gene L exists in a dominant, normal allele and in a recessive allele,l, that is lethal. Heterozygous females are normal, but males thatcarry either recessive allele are born dead. Explain whether or notit would be possible to map the distance between these two genesby making crosses and analyzing the number of living and deadoffspring. You may assume that you have strains of mice in whichfemales are heterozygous for one or both genes.
- An attached-X female fly, XXn Y (see the “Insights and Solutions”box), expresses the recessive X-linked white-eye phenotype. It is crossed to a male fly that expresses the X-linked recessive miniature wing phenotype. Determine the outcome of this cross in terms of sex, eye color, and wing size of the offspring.An attached-X female fly, XX ¬Y (see the “Insights and Solutions” box), expresses the recessive X-linked white-eye mutation. It is crossed to a male fly that expresses the X-linked recessive miniature-wing mutation. Determine the outcome of this cross in terms of sex, eye color, and wing size of the offspring.Consider a couple: a woman who is homozygous for a recessive mutation that causes X-linked colorblindness, and a man with full color vision (he does not carry a copy of the mutation). a) What is the probability that a son of this couple will be colorblind? b) What is the probability that a daughter of the couple will be colorblind?
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