Reactions of Alkyl and Aryl halides
In organic chemistry, an alkyl halide is formed when an atom of hydrogen is switched by a halogen in a hydrocarbon or aliphatic compound. An aryl halide is formed when an atom of hydrogen is substituted by a halogen atom in an aromatic compound. Metals react with aryl halides and alkyl halides and they also go through nucleophilic substitution reactions and elimination reactions.
Zaitsev's Rule in Organic Chemistry
Alexander Zaitsev (also pronounced as Saytzeff), in 1875, prepared a rule to help predict the result of elimination reactions which stated, "The favored product in dehydrohalogenation reactions is that alkene that has the majority of alkyl groups attached to the double-bonded carbon atoms."
Tosylate
Tosylates are important functional groups in organic chemistry, mainly because of two important properties which they possess:
Alkyl Halides
A functional group is a collection of several atoms or bonds with certain characteristic chemical properties and reactions associated with it. There is a presence of a halogen atom (F, Cl, Br, or I; it represents any halogen atom), as a functional group in alkyl halides. Therefore, it can be said that alkanes that contain a halogen compound are called alkyl halides.
![### Question 52
A student attempts to execute the reaction below between H₃CCN and KOH.
\[
\ce{H3CC–H + HO^- -> H3CC–C^- + H2O}
\]
- pKa (H₃CC–H) = 25
- pKa (H₂O) = 15.7
**Is KOH a sufficiently strong base for this process?**
1. Yes. \( K_c = 2.00 \times 10^{9} \)
2. Yes. \( K_c = 5.0 \times 10^{10} \)
3. No. \( K_c = 2.00 \times 10^{-41} \)
4. No. \( K_c = 5.0 \times 10^{-10} \)
(Note: \( K_c \) represents the equilibrium constant for the reaction.)
For a clear visual representation, this reaction is depicted with the triple bond and hydrogen on \(\ce{H3CC–H}\), transitioning to a triple bond and negative ion on \(\ce{H3CC–C^-}\) in the presence of hydroxide ion (\(\ce{HO^-}\)) and water (\(\ce{H2O}\)) forming as a byproduct. This is a typical acid-base reaction where the strength of the base (KOH) is analyzed by comparing pKa values and calculating \( K_c \).](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F985fbbf0-f8fa-4c87-a1a5-f926559935c9%2Fc60b5a8b-c112-4ead-97a8-34b73297c1c5%2Fowiumlo_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
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