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- Discuss the toxic effects of the ammonium ion and excess bicarbonate ion. What is the effect of high concentrations of NH4+ in the bloodstream? What are the two reasons NH4+ is so toxic to the brain? Why can the urea cycle also be considered as a bicarbonate ion disposal mechanism? Why is that important?Order the following events as they occur in the matrix: 1 2 4 5 1 Flux through the urea cycle will increase Glutamate levels are high N-acetylglutamate will be high Urea production will increase CPS I will be activatedUsing the model above, illustrate the urea cycle.
- What enzyme catalyzes the committed reaction of the urea cycle? carbamoyl phosphate synthetase II carbamoyl phosphate dehydrogenase I carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I carboxyphosphate synthetase II carboxyphosphate synthetase Ia) What is the role of the lysosome in degrading proteins? What are the enzymes that degrade/hydrolyze proteins? How does the further degradation of amino acids occur?b) Explain the urea cycle and summarize the steps of the urea cycle starting from carbamoyl phosphate.The urea cycle requires all of the following components except one of them: aspartate, carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I, ATP, citrulline/ornithine transporter and isocitrate. Identify the component. Explain the sequence of urea cycle using the required components and enzymes essential for each step of the cycle.
- Some suggest that lakes without fish populations due to acid depostiion can simply be stocked with young fish. Who might be satisfied with this solution? Explain. Explain why this action does not solve the problem.The hydrometeorological cycle is a process that occurs naturally. This phenomenon can affect humans both positively and negatively. Explain how human activity can also affect this process?hyperammonemia in patients is compounded by the reality of the normal regulatory controls in the urea cycle. Explain how increased GDH oxidative deamination activity will inhibit the urea cycle.