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Can you Explain in detail about the following:   THE CHANGING LANDSCAPE OF PHILIPPINE ECONOMY AND SOCIETY Many scholars consider the 19th century as an era of profound change in the Philippines. During this period, vast economic, political, social and cultural currents were felt. BOURBON REFORMS In the late 18th century, Spain underwent a dynastic shift from the Habsburgs to the Bourbons Bourbon policies and reforms were carried out to invigorate the profitability of the colonies like the Philippines The first governor-general to the Philippines under the Bourbon mandate was José de Basco y Vargas who arrived in the Philippines in 1778. ECONOMIC TRANSFORMATION The Galleon Trade, the main economic institution existing in the Philippines, was already a losing enterprise by the time Basco arrived Global wave of industrialization became a silver lining for Spain The transformation of the economy towards being export-oriented, harnessing the agricultural products that could be yielded from the archipelago, was the way to go Basco established the Royal Philippine Company in 1785 to finance agricultural projects and manage the new trade being established between the Philippines and Spain (and Europe) as well as other Asian markets RESISTANCE TO REFORMS Changes were met with lukewarm reception Resistance came from various sectors like the Catholic Church and traders that were still holding on to the Galleon Trade The Royal Philippine Company was fraught with issues of mismanagement and corruption MEXICAN WAR OF INDEPENDENCE By 1810, the Mexican War of Independence rattled the Spanish empire This led to the loss of the precious Latin American colonies and the eventual end of the Galleon Trade Policies were recalibrated and Manila was opened to world trade by 1834 CASH CROPS AND LAND OWNERSHIP Cash crops like tobacco, sugar, cotton, indigo, abaca, and coffee became the major source of revenue in the colony The importance of land ownership and management began to be a concern Farmers felt the pressure of the economy while the hacenderos grabbed the opportunity Land acquisition also came in the form of land-grabbing These factors brought change to the social stratification in the countryside that did not continue without tensions and contestations

Can you Explain in detail about the following:   THE CHANGING LANDSCAPE OF PHILIPPINE ECONOMY AND SOCIETY Many scholars consider the 19th century as an era of profound change in the Philippines. During this period, vast economic, political, social and cultural currents were felt. BOURBON REFORMS In the late 18th century, Spain underwent a dynastic shift from the Habsburgs to the Bourbons Bourbon policies and reforms were carried out to invigorate the profitability of the colonies like the Philippines The first governor-general to the Philippines under the Bourbon mandate was José de Basco y Vargas who arrived in the Philippines in 1778. ECONOMIC TRANSFORMATION The Galleon Trade, the main economic institution existing in the Philippines, was already a losing enterprise by the time Basco arrived Global wave of industrialization became a silver lining for Spain The transformation of the economy towards being export-oriented, harnessing the agricultural products that could be yielded from the archipelago, was the way to go Basco established the Royal Philippine Company in 1785 to finance agricultural projects and manage the new trade being established between the Philippines and Spain (and Europe) as well as other Asian markets RESISTANCE TO REFORMS Changes were met with lukewarm reception Resistance came from various sectors like the Catholic Church and traders that were still holding on to the Galleon Trade The Royal Philippine Company was fraught with issues of mismanagement and corruption MEXICAN WAR OF INDEPENDENCE By 1810, the Mexican War of Independence rattled the Spanish empire This led to the loss of the precious Latin American colonies and the eventual end of the Galleon Trade Policies were recalibrated and Manila was opened to world trade by 1834 CASH CROPS AND LAND OWNERSHIP Cash crops like tobacco, sugar, cotton, indigo, abaca, and coffee became the major source of revenue in the colony The importance of land ownership and management began to be a concern Farmers felt the pressure of the economy while the hacenderos grabbed the opportunity Land acquisition also came in the form of land-grabbing These factors brought change to the social stratification in the countryside that did not continue without tensions and contestations

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Can you Explain in detail about the following:

 

THE CHANGING LANDSCAPE OF PHILIPPINE ECONOMY AND SOCIETY

  • Many scholars consider the 19th century as an era of profound change in the Philippines.
  • During this period, vast economic, political, social and cultural currents were felt.

BOURBON REFORMS

  • In the late 18th century, Spain underwent a dynastic shift from the Habsburgs to the Bourbons
  • Bourbon policies and reforms were carried out to invigorate the profitability of the colonies like the Philippines
  • The first governor-general to the Philippines under the Bourbon mandate was José de Basco y Vargas who arrived in the Philippines in 1778.

ECONOMIC TRANSFORMATION

  • The Galleon Trade, the main economic institution existing in the Philippines, was already a losing enterprise by the time Basco arrived
  • Global wave of industrialization became a silver lining for Spain
  • The transformation of the economy towards being export-oriented, harnessing the agricultural products that could be yielded from the archipelago, was the way to go
  • Basco established the Royal Philippine Company in 1785 to finance agricultural projects and manage the new trade being established between the Philippines and Spain (and Europe) as well as other Asian markets

RESISTANCE TO REFORMS

  • Changes were met with lukewarm reception
  • Resistance came from various sectors like the Catholic Church and traders that were still holding on to the Galleon Trade
  • The Royal Philippine Company was fraught with issues of mismanagement and corruption

MEXICAN WAR OF INDEPENDENCE

  • By 1810, the Mexican War of Independence rattled the Spanish empire
  • This led to the loss of the precious Latin American colonies and the eventual end of the Galleon Trade
  • Policies were recalibrated and Manila was opened to world trade by 1834

CASH CROPS AND LAND OWNERSHIP

  • Cash crops like tobacco, sugar, cotton, indigo, abaca, and coffee became the major source of revenue in the colony
  • The importance of land ownership and management began to be a concern
  • Farmers felt the pressure of the economy while the hacenderos grabbed the opportunity
  • Land acquisition also came in the form of land-grabbing
  • These factors brought change to the social stratification in the countryside that did not continue without tensions and contestations
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