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Theory and Design for Mechanical Measurements
Measurement is a term that refers to analyzing a manufactured component regarding the degree of accuracy for dimensions, tolerances, geometric profile, roundness, flatness, smoothness, etc. Measurement always involves comparing the manufactured component or the prototype with a standard specimen whose dimensions and other parameters are assumed to be perfect and do not undergo changes with respect to time.Precisely in mechanical engineering the branch that deals with the application of scientific principles for measurements is known as metrology. The domain of metrology in general deals with various measurements like mechanical, chemical, thermodynamic, physical, and biological measurements. In mechanical engineering, the measurements are limited to mechanical specific such as length, mass, surface profile, flatness, roundness, viscosity, heat transfer, etc.
Basic principles of engineering metrology
Metrology is described as the science of measurement, precision, and accuracy. In other words, it is a method of measurement based on units and predefined standards.
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![Consider the lead-tin phase diagram below. For a lead-tin alloy of composition 80 wt% Sn-20 wt% Pb and at (180 °C), what is the mass fractions of the PRIMARY alpha (a)
phase?
Temperature (°C)
300
200
100
0
327°C
a
20
a + L
18.3
40
20
Composition (at% Sn)
60
183°C
a + B
40
T
Liquid
61.9
80
T
80
B+L
232°C
97.8
100
→600
500
1400
B
300
0
60
(Pb)
Composition (wt% Sn)
Figure 9.8 The lead-tin phase diagram. [Adapted from Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams,
2nd edition, Vol. 3, T. B. Massalski (Editor-in-Chief), 1990. Reprinted by permission of
ASM International, Materials Park, OH.]
200
-100
100
(Sn)
Temperature (°F)](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2Fa60bdebf-534c-482a-b48e-ceacd3a65e89%2F72295248-3bdb-4e22-b574-b2dfa59ddff0%2F10a9gce_processed.png&w=3840&q=75)
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