(Calculating free cash flows) At present, Solartech Skateboards is considering expanding its product line to include gas-powered skateboards; however, it is questionable how well they will be received by skateboarders. Although you feel there is a 60 percent chance you will sell 8,000 of these per year for 10 years (after which time this project is expected to shut down because solar-powered skateboards will become more popular), you also recognize that there is a 20 percent chance that you will only sell 1,000 and also a 20 percent chance you will sell 18,000. The gas skateboards would sell for $110 each and have a variable cost of $35 each. Regardless of how many you sell, the annual fixed costs associated with production would be $120,000. In addition, there would be an initial expenditure of $1,000,000 associated with the purchase of new production equipment which will be depreciated using the bonus depreciation method in year 1. Because of the number of stores that will need inventory, the working capital requirements are the same regardless of the level of sales. This project will require a one-time initial investment of $50,000 in net working capital, and working-capital investment will be recovered when the project is shut down. Finally, assume that the firm's marginal tax rate is 23 percent. a. What is the initial outlay associated with the project? b. What are the annual free cash flows associated with the project for years 1, and 2 through 9 under each sales forecast? What are the expected annual free cash flows for year 1, and years 2 through 9? c. What is the terminal cash flow in year 10 (that is, what is the free cash flow in year 10 plus any additional cash flows associated with the termination of the project)? d. Using the expected free cash flows, what is the project's NPV given a required rate of return of 8 percent? What would the project's NPV be if 8,000 skateboards were sold?
Net Present Value
Net present value is the most important concept of finance. It is used to evaluate the investment and financing decisions that involve cash flows occurring over multiple periods. The difference between the present value of cash inflow and cash outflow is termed as net present value (NPV). It is used for capital budgeting and investment planning. It is also used to compare similar investment alternatives.
Investment Decision
The term investment refers to allocating money with the intention of getting positive returns in the future period. For example, an asset would be acquired with the motive of generating income by selling the asset when there is a price increase.
Factors That Complicate Capital Investment Analysis
Capital investment analysis is a way of the budgeting process that companies and the government use to evaluate the profitability of the investment that has been done for the long term. This can include the evaluation of fixed assets such as machinery, equipment, etc.
Capital Budgeting
Capital budgeting is a decision-making process whereby long-term investments is evaluated and selected based on whether such investment is worth pursuing in future or not. It plays an important role in financial decision-making as it impacts the profitability of the business in the long term. The benefits of capital budgeting may be in the form of increased revenue or reduction in cost. The capital budgeting decisions include replacing or rebuilding of the fixed assets, addition of an asset. These long-term investment decisions involve a large number of funds and are irreversible because the market for the second-hand asset may be difficult to find and will have an effect over long-time spam. A right decision can yield favorable returns on the other hand a wrong decision may have an effect on the sustainability of the firm. Capital budgeting helps businesses to understand risks that are involved in undertaking capital investment. It also enables them to choose the option which generates the best return by applying the various capital budgeting techniques.
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