Calculate the maximum acceleration (in m/s2) of a car that is heading up a 11° slope (one that makes an angle of 11° with the horizontal) under the following road conditions. Assume that only half the weight of the car is supported by the two drive wheels and that the static coefficient of friction is involved--that is, the tires are not allowed to slip during the acceleration.

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Calculate the maximum acceleration (in m/s2) of a car that is heading up a 11° slope (one that makes an angle of 11° with the horizontal) under the following road conditions. Assume that only half the weight of the car is supported by the two drive wheels and that the static coefficient of friction is involved--that is, the tires are not allowed to slip during the acceleration.
 
(a) on dry concrete
 
(b) on wet concrete
 
(c) on ice, assuming that µs = 0.100, the same as for shoes on ice
 
 
### Friction Coefficients for Various Systems

Understanding the coefficients of friction for different material combinations is essential in both practical applications and theoretical studies. Below is a comprehensive table summarizing the static and kinetic friction coefficients (\(\mu_s\) and \(\mu_k\) respectively) for a variety of material pairings.

| System                                  | \(\mu_s\) Static friction | \(\mu_k\) Kinetic friction |
|------------------------------------------|--------------------|--------------------|
| Rubber on dry concrete                    | 1.0                  | 0.7                  |
| Rubber on wet concrete                    | 0.7                  | 0.5                  |
| Wood on wood                              | 0.5                  | 0.3                  |
| Waxed wood on wet snow                    | 0.14                 | 0.1                  |
| Metal on wood                             | 0.5                  | 0.3                  |
| Steel on steel (dry)                      | 0.6                  | 0.3                  |
| Steel on steel (oiled)                    | 0.05                 | 0.03                 |
| Teflon on steel                           | 0.04                 | 0.04                 |
| Bone lubricated by synovial fluid         | 0.016                | 0.015                |
| Shoes on wood                             | 0.9                  | 0.7                  |
| Shoes on ice                              | 0.1                  | 0.05                 |
| Ice on ice                                | 0.1                  | 0.03                 |
| Steel on ice                              | 0.04                 | 0.02                 |

#### Explanation of Terms:
- **Static Friction (\(\mu_s\))**: This is the frictional force that must be overcome to start moving an object at rest. It typically has a higher value than kinetic friction.
- **Kinetic Friction (\(\mu_k\))**: This is the frictional force exerted on an object in motion. This force must be overcome to keep the object moving at a constant velocity.

#### Key Observations:
- The system "Rubber on dry concrete" has one of the highest static friction coefficients (\(\mu_s = 1.0\)), indicating a strong resistance to the initiation of motion.
- For the combination "Steel on steel (oiled)", both static and kinetic
Transcribed Image Text:### Friction Coefficients for Various Systems Understanding the coefficients of friction for different material combinations is essential in both practical applications and theoretical studies. Below is a comprehensive table summarizing the static and kinetic friction coefficients (\(\mu_s\) and \(\mu_k\) respectively) for a variety of material pairings. | System | \(\mu_s\) Static friction | \(\mu_k\) Kinetic friction | |------------------------------------------|--------------------|--------------------| | Rubber on dry concrete | 1.0 | 0.7 | | Rubber on wet concrete | 0.7 | 0.5 | | Wood on wood | 0.5 | 0.3 | | Waxed wood on wet snow | 0.14 | 0.1 | | Metal on wood | 0.5 | 0.3 | | Steel on steel (dry) | 0.6 | 0.3 | | Steel on steel (oiled) | 0.05 | 0.03 | | Teflon on steel | 0.04 | 0.04 | | Bone lubricated by synovial fluid | 0.016 | 0.015 | | Shoes on wood | 0.9 | 0.7 | | Shoes on ice | 0.1 | 0.05 | | Ice on ice | 0.1 | 0.03 | | Steel on ice | 0.04 | 0.02 | #### Explanation of Terms: - **Static Friction (\(\mu_s\))**: This is the frictional force that must be overcome to start moving an object at rest. It typically has a higher value than kinetic friction. - **Kinetic Friction (\(\mu_k\))**: This is the frictional force exerted on an object in motion. This force must be overcome to keep the object moving at a constant velocity. #### Key Observations: - The system "Rubber on dry concrete" has one of the highest static friction coefficients (\(\mu_s = 1.0\)), indicating a strong resistance to the initiation of motion. - For the combination "Steel on steel (oiled)", both static and kinetic
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