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Calculate the mass of the liquids collected in surface tension determination. 2. Calculate the average drop mass by dividing the mass of liquid collected with the number of drops

Calculate the mass of the liquids collected in surface tension determination. 2. Calculate the average drop mass by dividing the mass of liquid collected with the number of drops

Chemistry
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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1.Calculate the mass of the liquids collected in surface tension determination. 2. Calculate the average drop mass by dividing the mass of liquid collected with the number of drops. 3. Calculate the drop volume using Eqn 3b-4.The literature values of the density of water and ethanol can be seen in Table 3b-5. Assume that the temperature is 30°C. 4. Before computing for the surface tension, determine the correction factor (f) at r/v1/3 , where r is the outer radius of the burette tip, using Table 3b-4. To locate f in the table, use the following example as guide: If r/v1/3 = 0.32, then find what values in the row and column headings will make a sum of 0.32. In this case, 0.3 (row) plus 0.02 (column) equals 0.32. Thus, f = 0.72313. 5. Finally, calculate the surface tension using Eqn 3b-3:
Module 3b: A Study of Intermolecular Forces of Attraction: Effects on Physical Properties of Matter Prelab Study Guide II (Experimental Data, Data Treatment and Postlab Questions) CНEM 18.1 2nd Sem AY 2020-2021 OUTLINE LEARNING OBJECTIVES I. Introduction At the end of this exercise, the student should be able II. Materials and Methods to: A. Reagents B. Glasswares and Apparatus C. Procedure i. Boiling Point Determination ii. Surface Tension Determination determine the boiling point of liquid samples by the oil bath method; determine the surface tension of liquid samples by the drop-weight method; relate the strength of IMFA of the liquid samples to the experimental boiling point and surface tension III. Experimental Data IV. Data Treatment V. Postlab Questions VI. References III. EXPERIMENTAL DATA Table 3b-1. Recorded temperature values for the boiling point determination of water and ethanol samples. Water Ethanol Temperature at which rapid and continuous bubbling started,°C Temperature at which the liquid started to enter the capillary tube, °C 104 68 103 67 Table 3b-2. Mass of liquid samples collected for surface tension determination. Water Ethanol Trial 2 81.62 83.17 Trial 1 Trial 1 Trial 2 Mass of test tube, g Mass of test tube + liquid, g 70.42 90.14 94.23 72.00 90.61 95.64 Table 3b-3. Outer radius of burette tip and number of drops for each trial. Water Ethanol Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 1 Trial 2 Outer radius of burette tip, cm Number of drops 0.18 0.195 30 30 30 30 Table 3b-4. Table of correction factor (f) values. Correction Factor (f) r/V1/3 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.0 1.00000 0.99068 0.98102 0.97108 0.96093 0.95063 0.94024 0.92980 0.91935 0.90895 0.85858 0.77349 0.1 0.89861 0.88838 0.87829 0.86834 0.84901 0.83966 0.83053 0.82163 0.81298 0.80457 0.73434 0.79642 0.72863 0.78852 0.72313 0.78087 0.71784 0.2 0.76635 0.75947 0.75283 0.74643 0.74027 0.3 0.71275 0.70786 0.70314 0.69860 0.69423 0.69001 0.4 0.68595 0.68202 0.67824 0.67457 0.67103 0.66760 0.66428 0.66106 0.65794 0.65491 0.64909 0.62435 0.5 0.65196 0.64630 0.64359 0.64095 0.63838 0.63588 0.63344 0.63107 0.62877 0.6 0.62653 0.62225 0.62021 0.61824 0.61634 0.61451 0.61275 0.61108 0.60948 0.60079 0.59736 0.7 0.60797 0.60654 0.60520 0.60395 0.60280 0.60175 0.59994 0.59920 0.59856 0.8 0.59804 0.59763 0.59734 0.59717 0.59711 0.59718 0.59767 0.59810 0.59865 0.9 0.59932 0.60010 0.60100 0.60201 0.60314 0.60436 0.60569 0.60712 0.60863 0.61023 0.62699 0.62894 0.64363 0.64470 1.0 0.61190 0.61364 0.61544 0.61730 0.61920 0.62112 0.62307 0.62503 0.63959 0.65087 0.64915 1.1 0.63086 0.63456 0.63274 0.65318 0.63632 0.63800 0.64107 0.64242 0.65303 0.62893 1.2 0.64559 0.65338 0.65218 0.64706 0.64464 0.64194 1.3 0.63898 0.63581 0.63245 0.62530 0.62156 0.61775 0.61389 0.61000 0.60610
Transcribed Image Text:Module 3b: A Study of Intermolecular Forces of Attraction: Effects on Physical Properties of Matter Prelab Study Guide II (Experimental Data, Data Treatment and Postlab Questions) CНEM 18.1 2nd Sem AY 2020-2021 OUTLINE LEARNING OBJECTIVES I. Introduction At the end of this exercise, the student should be able II. Materials and Methods to: A. Reagents B. Glasswares and Apparatus C. Procedure i. Boiling Point Determination ii. Surface Tension Determination determine the boiling point of liquid samples by the oil bath method; determine the surface tension of liquid samples by the drop-weight method; relate the strength of IMFA of the liquid samples to the experimental boiling point and surface tension III. Experimental Data IV. Data Treatment V. Postlab Questions VI. References III. EXPERIMENTAL DATA Table 3b-1. Recorded temperature values for the boiling point determination of water and ethanol samples. Water Ethanol Temperature at which rapid and continuous bubbling started,°C Temperature at which the liquid started to enter the capillary tube, °C 104 68 103 67 Table 3b-2. Mass of liquid samples collected for surface tension determination. Water Ethanol Trial 2 81.62 83.17 Trial 1 Trial 1 Trial 2 Mass of test tube, g Mass of test tube + liquid, g 70.42 90.14 94.23 72.00 90.61 95.64 Table 3b-3. Outer radius of burette tip and number of drops for each trial. Water Ethanol Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 1 Trial 2 Outer radius of burette tip, cm Number of drops 0.18 0.195 30 30 30 30 Table 3b-4. Table of correction factor (f) values. Correction Factor (f) r/V1/3 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.0 1.00000 0.99068 0.98102 0.97108 0.96093 0.95063 0.94024 0.92980 0.91935 0.90895 0.85858 0.77349 0.1 0.89861 0.88838 0.87829 0.86834 0.84901 0.83966 0.83053 0.82163 0.81298 0.80457 0.73434 0.79642 0.72863 0.78852 0.72313 0.78087 0.71784 0.2 0.76635 0.75947 0.75283 0.74643 0.74027 0.3 0.71275 0.70786 0.70314 0.69860 0.69423 0.69001 0.4 0.68595 0.68202 0.67824 0.67457 0.67103 0.66760 0.66428 0.66106 0.65794 0.65491 0.64909 0.62435 0.5 0.65196 0.64630 0.64359 0.64095 0.63838 0.63588 0.63344 0.63107 0.62877 0.6 0.62653 0.62225 0.62021 0.61824 0.61634 0.61451 0.61275 0.61108 0.60948 0.60079 0.59736 0.7 0.60797 0.60654 0.60520 0.60395 0.60280 0.60175 0.59994 0.59920 0.59856 0.8 0.59804 0.59763 0.59734 0.59717 0.59711 0.59718 0.59767 0.59810 0.59865 0.9 0.59932 0.60010 0.60100 0.60201 0.60314 0.60436 0.60569 0.60712 0.60863 0.61023 0.62699 0.62894 0.64363 0.64470 1.0 0.61190 0.61364 0.61544 0.61730 0.61920 0.62112 0.62307 0.62503 0.63959 0.65087 0.64915 1.1 0.63086 0.63456 0.63274 0.65318 0.63632 0.63800 0.64107 0.64242 0.65303 0.62893 1.2 0.64559 0.65338 0.65218 0.64706 0.64464 0.64194 1.3 0.63898 0.63581 0.63245 0.62530 0.62156 0.61775 0.61389 0.61000 0.60610
0.60220 0.56583 0.59833 0.58326 1.4 1.5 0.57963 0.54662 0.57260 0.54027 0.59448 0.59069 0.55609 0.58694 0.57608 0.54346 0.56918 0.53702 0.56253 0.55929 0.55292 0.54977 Table 3b-5. Literature values of density and surface tension of water and ethanol at different temperatures. Density, g·cm³ Surface tension, dyne-cm-1 Waterb 72.75 71.99 Temperature, °C Watera Ethanol Ethanol 20 0.99820 0.78934 22.31 25 0.99705 0.78506 21.82 71.20 70.41 30 0.99565 0.78075 21.41 21.04 35 0.99403 0.77641 APERRY RH, GREEN DW. 1997. Perry's chemical engineers' handbook. 7th ed. New York, McGraw-Hill. BVARGAFTIK NB, VOLKOV BN, VOLLJAK LD. 1983. International tables of the surface tension of water. J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data. 12(3):817-820. CVAZQUEZ G, ALVAREZ E, NAVAZA JM. 1995. Surface Tension of Alcohol + Water from 20 to 50 °C. J. Chem. Eng. Data. 40(3):611-614. Table 3b-6. Literature values of the boiling point of water and ethanol. Liquid Water ВР, °С 100.0 Ethanol 78.4 IV. DATA TREATMENT Boiling Point Determination 1.Determine the boiling point range of the water and ethanol samples from the recorded temperatures. The boiling point temperature is the average of the lower and upper limit of the range. 2. Compare the experimental boiling point to the literature values and report the accuracy of the method in terms of percentage error. | experimental value - literature value | % error= x 100% (Eqn 3b-5) literature value Surface Tension Determination 1. Calculate the mass of the liquids collected in surface tension determination. 2. Calculate the average drop mass by dividing the mass of liquid collected with the number of drops. 3. Calculate the drop volume using Eqn 3b-4.The literature values of the density of water and ethanol can be seen in Table 3b-5. Assume that the temperature is 30°C. 4. Before computing for the surface tension, determine the correction factor (f) at r/v/³, wherer is the outer radius of the burette tip, using Table 3b-4. To locate f in the table, use the following example as guide If r/v/3 = 0.32, then find what values in the row and column headings will make a sum of 0.32.4n this case, 0.3 (row) plus 0.02 (column) equals 0.32. Thus, f = 0.72313. 5. Finally, calculate the surface tension using Eqn 3b-3: mg y= 2nrf where: g (gravitational acceleration) = 9.8 m/s² 6. Do steps 1-5 for each trial. 7. Compare the experimental surface tension to the literature values and report the accuracy of the method in terms of percentage error. V. POSTLAB QUESTIONS 1.Why is it necessary that the oil bath/water bath is stirred while heating? 2.Why are there bubbles escaping from the open end of the capillary tube during boiling? 3.What is the importance of collecting more than one drop of the liquid sample from the burette? 4.Based on the boiling point and surface tension values obtained, which of the two liquids has stronger IMFA?
Transcribed Image Text:0.60220 0.56583 0.59833 0.58326 1.4 1.5 0.57963 0.54662 0.57260 0.54027 0.59448 0.59069 0.55609 0.58694 0.57608 0.54346 0.56918 0.53702 0.56253 0.55929 0.55292 0.54977 Table 3b-5. Literature values of density and surface tension of water and ethanol at different temperatures. Density, g·cm³ Surface tension, dyne-cm-1 Waterb 72.75 71.99 Temperature, °C Watera Ethanol Ethanol 20 0.99820 0.78934 22.31 25 0.99705 0.78506 21.82 71.20 70.41 30 0.99565 0.78075 21.41 21.04 35 0.99403 0.77641 APERRY RH, GREEN DW. 1997. Perry's chemical engineers' handbook. 7th ed. New York, McGraw-Hill. BVARGAFTIK NB, VOLKOV BN, VOLLJAK LD. 1983. International tables of the surface tension of water. J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data. 12(3):817-820. CVAZQUEZ G, ALVAREZ E, NAVAZA JM. 1995. Surface Tension of Alcohol + Water from 20 to 50 °C. J. Chem. Eng. Data. 40(3):611-614. Table 3b-6. Literature values of the boiling point of water and ethanol. Liquid Water ВР, °С 100.0 Ethanol 78.4 IV. DATA TREATMENT Boiling Point Determination 1.Determine the boiling point range of the water and ethanol samples from the recorded temperatures. The boiling point temperature is the average of the lower and upper limit of the range. 2. Compare the experimental boiling point to the literature values and report the accuracy of the method in terms of percentage error. | experimental value - literature value | % error= x 100% (Eqn 3b-5) literature value Surface Tension Determination 1. Calculate the mass of the liquids collected in surface tension determination. 2. Calculate the average drop mass by dividing the mass of liquid collected with the number of drops. 3. Calculate the drop volume using Eqn 3b-4.The literature values of the density of water and ethanol can be seen in Table 3b-5. Assume that the temperature is 30°C. 4. Before computing for the surface tension, determine the correction factor (f) at r/v/³, wherer is the outer radius of the burette tip, using Table 3b-4. To locate f in the table, use the following example as guide If r/v/3 = 0.32, then find what values in the row and column headings will make a sum of 0.32.4n this case, 0.3 (row) plus 0.02 (column) equals 0.32. Thus, f = 0.72313. 5. Finally, calculate the surface tension using Eqn 3b-3: mg y= 2nrf where: g (gravitational acceleration) = 9.8 m/s² 6. Do steps 1-5 for each trial. 7. Compare the experimental surface tension to the literature values and report the accuracy of the method in terms of percentage error. V. POSTLAB QUESTIONS 1.Why is it necessary that the oil bath/water bath is stirred while heating? 2.Why are there bubbles escaping from the open end of the capillary tube during boiling? 3.What is the importance of collecting more than one drop of the liquid sample from the burette? 4.Based on the boiling point and surface tension values obtained, which of the two liquids has stronger IMFA?
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