Calculate the Hubble constant for a universe that is 20 billion years old.
Q: Assume a flat FRW universe, dominated by radiation throughout its history. Calculate the physical,…
A: The objective of the question is to calculate the physical, cosmological horizon size at a given…
Q: As the Universe becomes older, what effect will that have on a slope of the Hubble's diagram: It…
A: Doppler effect in light is the change in frequency of light observed by the observer when the source…
Q: Estimate the age of the universe for a Hubble constant of (a)50km/s/Mpc, (b) 75km/s/Mpc, and (c) 100…
A: The Hubble time is t = 1/H0 . For each value of Ho, we have: a). t = 6.18 × 10¹⁷ s = 1.96 × 1010 yrs…
Q: Assuming that hydrogen fusion requires the Universe to have a temperature of T ≥ 107 K (as measured…
A: The cosmic microwave background radiation (CMBR) is electromagnetic radiation, generated in the…
Q: Imagine that an observed distant galaxy is measured to have a distance of 40 Mpc by a Type Ia…
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Q: Consider a universe in which the Hubble constant has been measured to have the value H0 = 50…
A: Hubble's law gives the idea that the universe is continuously expanding, and that galaxies are…
Q: What is the evidence that the universe was very uniform during its first 400,000 years?
A: The universe was formed from a big explosion called Big Bang. In the beginning, everything was…
Q: why do you have to know the distance to a galaxy to find its mass?
A: The orbital motion of stars explains the masses of galaxies. The stars in a heavier galaxy exhibit…
Q: If a galaxy has a redshift of 0.35 and the hydrogen line has a wavelength of 486.3 nm, what will be…
A: Redshift happens when the source of light moves away from the observer. The frequency observed will…
Q: Calculate the critical density of a universe with Hubble constant of 89 km-s¹.Mpc¯¹.
A: It is observed that galaxies are moving away from each other and the farther they are faster they…
Q: The present number density of electrons in the Universe is the same as that of protons, about 0.2…
A: The present number density of electrons = 0.2m-3. Long before the formation of microwave background,…
Q: Estimate the critical density of the universe if the Hubble's constant was 100 km/s/Mpc.
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Q: Calculate the Hubble time for a universe with a Hubble constant of sixty kilometers per second per…
A: Given:Hubble's constant, Ho = 60km/(s Mpc)Asked:Hubble's Time, tH = ?
Q: why are the shells visible around some elliptical galaxies significant?
A: The shell structures in the elliptical galaxies indicates the extremely low surface brightness and…
Q: What is the evidence that the universe was very uniform during its first 400,000 years?
A: The evidence of the uniform nature is explained by particle physics. Before the formation of the…
Q: Use the redshift of 3.8 for 4C41.17, a powerful radio galaxy, to determine the distance of the…
A: (a) the speed of the galaxy is, vc=z+12-1z+12+1vc=3.8+12-13.8+12+1=0.917v=0.9173×105 km/s=2.75×105…
Q: Calculate the age of the universe for the following Hubble's constant, 200 1... - N (d) 20 km/s/Mpc
A: As per Hubble's law, the universe is expanding. If we assume that the expansion's apparent velocity…
Q: Estimate the critical density of the universe if the Hubble's constant was 50 km/s/Mpc.
A: The minimum density that is required to stop the expansion of the universe is defined as the…
Q: According to the version of the Big Bang Theory without a Cosmological Constant (and without Dark…
A: Hubble's Law states that as the universe is expanding in all directions, the receding velocity of an…
Q: What was the lowest temperature for photons to be able to produce 0 particles in the early universe?…
A: Given: kT=mc2
Q: Assume a flat Friedmann-Robertson-Walker universe. Calculate the redshift z at which the temperature…
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Q: Galaxy A is measured to have a smaller cosmological redshift than Galaxy B. Which galaxy is farther…
A: Redshift: It is stated as the change in the frequency of the light and is used to study the position…
Q: Calculate the age of the universe for the following Hubble's constant, m (c) 80 km/s/Mpc Of
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Q: What would be the critical density of matter in the universe if the value of the Hubble constant…
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Q: Calculate the Hubble time for a universe with a Hubble constant of 60 km-s-1-Mpc-1.
A: Edwin Hubble observed that the galaxies were moving away from us. He calculated their recession…
Q: What evidence can you cite that the expansion of the universe is accelerating?
A: It is observed that galaxies are moving away from Earth at speeds proportional to their distance.…
Q: By what factor would the critical density of the universe today change if the Hubble constant today…
A: Understanding the critical density of the universe is pivotal in unraveling its composition. The…
Q: The Hubble constant is (approximately) 70 kilometers per second per megaparsec. At approximately…
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- In the reading, you were told that there were roughly 10,000 galaxies in the image of the Hubble Ultra Deep Field alone. The image is roughly 10 square arcminutes and there are roughly 1.5*10^8 square arcminutes composing the entire sky. With that in mind and assuming that the Hubble Ultra Deep Field represents an average part of the sky, roughly how many galaxies may exist in the observable universe? (Please include commas for every factor of 1,000; for example 2,343,567,890)Imagine that an observed distant galaxy is measured to have a distance of 20 Mpc by a Type Ia supernovae and the redshift of the galaxy indicates the galaxy appears to be moving away from us at a speed of 2200 km/s. What would the Hubble constant be if measured solely based on this galaxy in units of km/s/Mpc?Suppose you have obtained spectra of several galaxies and have measuerd the observed wavelength of the H-Alpha line (rest wavelength = 656.3 nm) to be Galaxy 1: 658.1 nm. Galaxy 2: 667.1 nm. Galaxy 3: 677.6 nm. Assuming a Hubble Constant of 72.5 km/s/Mpc, calculate the distance to each of these galaxies (answer in Mpc)
- A new astronomical measurement suggests that the Hubble constant is 51 kilometers per second per Megaparsec. If this measurement is correct, what would the Hubble time be in units of years? Is this a plausible value based on other astronomical evidence? Why or why not?Using a value for Hubble's constant of 71 km/s per Mpc, find the distance of a galaxy that is receding at a velocity of 1600 km/s.Estimate the critical density of the universe if the Hubble's constant was 100 km/s/Mpc.