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Calculate the frequency, energy (in keV), and wavelength of the K_a x ray for the elements (a) calcium (Ca, Z = 20); (b) cobalt (Co, Z = 27); (c) cadmium (Cd, Z = 48).

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17. Electrons with energy 80 keV are incident on the tungsten target of an X-ray tube. K-shell electrons of tungsten have 72.5 keV energy. X-rays emitted by the tube contain only (a) a continuous X-ray spectrum (Bremsstrahlung) with a minimum wavelength of = 0.155 A (b) a continuous X-ray spectrum (Bremsstrahlung) with all wavelengths. 3 (c) the characteristic X-ray spectrum of tungsten. (d) a continuous X-ray spectrum (Bremsstrahlung) with a.. minimum wavelength of 0.155A and the characteristic X-ray spectrum of tungsten. C
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X-ray is produced by bombarding a tungsten target with high energy electrons accelerated by 8.8 kV of voltage. Use σ = 1 for the electron transition down to K shell (n = 1) and σ = 7.4 for the electron transition down to L shell (n = 2) for characteristic X-ray. What is energy of the characteristic X-ray of the tungsten (Z = 74) target when the electron in n = 4 orbital moves down to n = 1? What is the energy the characteristic X-ray of the tungsten (Z = 74) target when the electron in n = 3 orbital moves down to n = 2?
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