Calculate the Bending Stress using the equation ?? = ?.?max /? , where M is the Bending Moment for each of your two beams. Also calculate the longitudinal shear ? = ?.? /?.? for each beam. Compare and discuss the results for 3 point load and 4 point load. Draw Bending moment diagram and shear force diagram for each test.

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Sizing Joists and Rafters

In civil engineering and building construction, joists and rafters are the major components including beams and columns. Almost every structural construction including buildings, skyscrapers, bridges, commercial complexes, and so on makes use of joists and rafters to provide structural integrity to the building. Joists are primarily thick long pieces of metals, concrete, or wood that are used to support the floor and ceiling. On the other hand, rafters form the major component of pitched roofs, which are a series of sloped long pieces extending from a ridged area that makes contact with the plane area of the wall. They account for the load-bearing of the building along with the beams.