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The “lead” in pencils is a graphite composition with a Young’s modulus of about 1 • 10⁹ N/m².

Calculate how much shorter (in mm) the length of the lead becomes in an automatic pencil if you tap it straight into the pencil with a force of 3.8 N. The lead is 0.45 mm in diameter and 59 mm long.

ΔL =

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