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Ca2+ and CO32- are dissolved in a beaker of sea water at 298 K, resulting in formation of a CaCO3 precipitate: Ca2+ (aq) + CO32- (aq) ⇋ CaCO3 (s)            ΔH0 = 13.44 kJ mol-1, ΔS0 = -120 J mol-1 K-1 (i) Determine the direction of spontaneity under standard state conditions. (ii) Determine ΔG when [Ca2+] = 0.01 mol dm-3 and [CO32-] = 45 μmol dm-3. The activity coefficients of Ca2+ and CO32- in sea water are 0.28 and 0.21 respectively.

Ca2+ and CO32- are dissolved in a beaker of sea water at 298 K, resulting in formation of a CaCO3 precipitate: Ca2+ (aq) + CO32- (aq) ⇋ CaCO3 (s)            ΔH0 = 13.44 kJ mol-1, ΔS0 = -120 J mol-1 K-1 (i) Determine the direction of spontaneity under standard state conditions. (ii) Determine ΔG when [Ca2+] = 0.01 mol dm-3 and [CO32-] = 45 μmol dm-3. The activity coefficients of Ca2+ and CO32- in sea water are 0.28 and 0.21 respectively.

Chemistry
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
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Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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Ca2+ and CO32- are dissolved in a beaker of sea water at 298 K, resulting in formation of a CaCO3
precipitate:
Ca2+ (aq) + CO32- (aq) ⇋ CaCO3 (s)            ΔH0 = 13.44 kJ mol-1, ΔS0 = -120 J mol-1 K-1
(i) Determine the direction of spontaneity under standard state conditions.
(ii) Determine ΔG when [Ca2+] = 0.01 mol dm-3 and [CO32-] = 45 μmol dm-3. The activity coefficients of Ca2+ and CO32- in sea water are 0.28 and 0.21 respectively.

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