Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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Question
can you help w/ 1c?
![**Title: Analyzing Salt Water Solutions for Cooking Pasta**
**Introduction:**
When making pasta, people often add salt to the boiling water before adding the pasta. This practice enhances the flavor and assists in cooking. Let’s analyze the salt water solution from a chemical perspective, assuming that two teaspoons of salt (12 grams) are added for every one quart of water (0.95 liters = 1 quart), and that sodium chloride (salt) completely dissociates. For our calculations, we'll also assume that the density of tap water is 1.0 g/ml and that the density of the salt water solution is 1.015 g/ml.
### Questions and Calculations:
**1. Determining Molality of the Salt Water Solution**
**a. What is the molality of the salt water solution?**
To find the molality, we need to follow these steps:
1. Calculate the moles of solute (salt, NaCl).
2. Convert the volume of solvent (water) into kilograms.
3. Use the formula: Molality (m) = moles of solute / kilograms of solvent.
**2. Determining Molarity of the Salt Water Solution**
**b. What is the molarity of the salt water solution?**
Molarity is a measure of the concentration of solute in a solution:
1. Calculate the moles of solute (salt, NaCl).
2. Convert the volume of the entire salt water solution from milliliters to liters.
3. Use the formula: Molarity (M) = moles of solute / liters of solution.
**3. Calculating the Boiling Point of the Salt Water Solution**
**c. Calculate the boiling point of the salt water solution.**
Boiling point elevation can be determined using the formula:
\[ \Delta T_b = i \cdot K_b \cdot m \]
- \(\Delta T_b\) is the boiling point elevation.
- \(i\) is the van't Hoff factor (for NaCl, \(i\) = 2).
- \(K_b\) is the ebullioscopic constant of water (\(0.512 \, °C \cdot kg/mol\)).
- \(m\) is the molality of the solution.
By substituting the necessary values into the equation, we can find the new boiling point of the solution.
**Conclusion:**
Understanding these calculations](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F93268262-58e0-42e0-b5aa-ce0732a52664%2Fcf4ef78e-7e2d-4a7f-b2dd-9d0ca3465293%2F8wa09vb_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
Transcribed Image Text:**Title: Analyzing Salt Water Solutions for Cooking Pasta**
**Introduction:**
When making pasta, people often add salt to the boiling water before adding the pasta. This practice enhances the flavor and assists in cooking. Let’s analyze the salt water solution from a chemical perspective, assuming that two teaspoons of salt (12 grams) are added for every one quart of water (0.95 liters = 1 quart), and that sodium chloride (salt) completely dissociates. For our calculations, we'll also assume that the density of tap water is 1.0 g/ml and that the density of the salt water solution is 1.015 g/ml.
### Questions and Calculations:
**1. Determining Molality of the Salt Water Solution**
**a. What is the molality of the salt water solution?**
To find the molality, we need to follow these steps:
1. Calculate the moles of solute (salt, NaCl).
2. Convert the volume of solvent (water) into kilograms.
3. Use the formula: Molality (m) = moles of solute / kilograms of solvent.
**2. Determining Molarity of the Salt Water Solution**
**b. What is the molarity of the salt water solution?**
Molarity is a measure of the concentration of solute in a solution:
1. Calculate the moles of solute (salt, NaCl).
2. Convert the volume of the entire salt water solution from milliliters to liters.
3. Use the formula: Molarity (M) = moles of solute / liters of solution.
**3. Calculating the Boiling Point of the Salt Water Solution**
**c. Calculate the boiling point of the salt water solution.**
Boiling point elevation can be determined using the formula:
\[ \Delta T_b = i \cdot K_b \cdot m \]
- \(\Delta T_b\) is the boiling point elevation.
- \(i\) is the van't Hoff factor (for NaCl, \(i\) = 2).
- \(K_b\) is the ebullioscopic constant of water (\(0.512 \, °C \cdot kg/mol\)).
- \(m\) is the molality of the solution.
By substituting the necessary values into the equation, we can find the new boiling point of the solution.
**Conclusion:**
Understanding these calculations
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