(c) Describe the reversible steps in the urea cycle, including the substrates, products, and enzymes.

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4.
The urea cycle was the first metabolic cycle to be discovered, predating the description of
the citric acid cycle by 5 years. Hans Krebs along with Kurt Henseleit used their Warburg manometer
(pictured) to monitor the use of carbon dioxide and ammonia in
the synthesis of urea. In the presence of a slice of liver, urea
could be produced, but the reaction require ornithine and
citrulline. Since citrulline is not consumed during the course of
the enzymatic cycle, but is rather regenerated, Krebs described
citrulline as a "catalyst" of the process.
H2N
ÑH2
Transcribed Image Text:4. The urea cycle was the first metabolic cycle to be discovered, predating the description of the citric acid cycle by 5 years. Hans Krebs along with Kurt Henseleit used their Warburg manometer (pictured) to monitor the use of carbon dioxide and ammonia in the synthesis of urea. In the presence of a slice of liver, urea could be produced, but the reaction require ornithine and citrulline. Since citrulline is not consumed during the course of the enzymatic cycle, but is rather regenerated, Krebs described citrulline as a "catalyst" of the process. H2N ÑH2
(c)
Describe the reversible steps in the urea cycle, including the substrates, products, and
enzymes.
(d)
the urea cycle in terms of ATP equivalents? How is this cost partially offset and what is the total net
energetic cost of the urea cycle?
What are the energy-consuming steps of the urea cycle and what is the energetic cost of
Transcribed Image Text:(c) Describe the reversible steps in the urea cycle, including the substrates, products, and enzymes. (d) the urea cycle in terms of ATP equivalents? How is this cost partially offset and what is the total net energetic cost of the urea cycle? What are the energy-consuming steps of the urea cycle and what is the energetic cost of
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