By looking at the charts present a one sentence summary of your results. By looking at the examples above, discuss how the examples directly support the hypothesis on the chart page and what are some inferences you made that are not obvious from the data in the chart and tie this back to the scientific question on`the chart page.

Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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Website for first simulation:  https://www.learner.org/wp-content/interactive/periodic/bondin

The second/last simulation:

Open the following website: https://javalab.org/en/ion_model_en/

As seen in the table, compounds containing an integer ratio of elements depend on how many cations combine with how many anions to form a stable compound. For example, in table 1, to form a NaCl compound, first Na ionizes from the Na+ cation which is having +1 positive charge, which will lose 1 electron, it is having +1 charge, this electron then goes to Cl and it will change to Cl- anion by gaining the electron, so here 1:1 ratio charge which means 1 Na+ combines with 1 Cl-1 to form NaCl. so here integer ratio is 1:1 for this sodium chloride compound. As listed in table 2, Mg(OH)2, the integer ratio is 1:2 which means, Mg is a neutral atom that loses 2 electrons and forms an Mg+2 cation, which combines with OH which gains 1 electron to form OH- anion, So here Mg2+ can combine with 2 OH- anion, since it has +2 charge, while OH- combines with 1 Mg2+ since it has -1 charge, so it both combines to form Mg(OH)2 which has integer ratio as 1:2 . Like this atom forms as ions by losing or gaining electrons and combines together in whole number ratio to form stable compounds.

By looking at the charts present a one sentence summary of your results. By looking at the examples above, discuss how the examples directly support the hypothesis on the chart page and what are some inferences you made that are not obvious from the data in the chart and tie this back to the scientific question on`the chart page.

 

Note:  the scientific question in the image is NOT the question you're answering however, you will the scientific question and the hypothesis for some parts. The scientific question and hypothesis is provided on the page with charts.The charts attached are filled out using the simulations above. Table 1 was filled out using the first simulation and table 2 was filled out using the second simulation. 

**Scientific Question:**

What is the purpose of compounds containing integer ratios of elements?

**Hypothesis:**

Upon ionization, an atom becomes a positive cation, which interacts and bonds with a negative anion to form an ionic bond.

**Table 1: Common Compounds**

| Compound Name     | Cation | Electrons Lost to Create the Cation | Anion  | Electrons Gained to Create the Anion | Formula | Ratio of Metals to Nonmetals (M:N) | Common Use for the Compound             |
|-------------------|--------|-------------------------------------|--------|--------------------------------------|---------|----------------------------------|----------------------------------------|
| Sodium Chloride   | Na+1   | One                                 | Cl-1   | One                                  | NaCl    | 1:1                              | Table salt                             |
| Sodium Oxide      | Na+1   | One                                 | O-2    | Two                                  | Na2O    | 2:1                              | Ceramic glazes                         |
| Sodium Hydroxide  | Na+1   | One                                 | OH-1   | One                                  | NaOH    | 1:1                              | "lye," has been an ingredient used in soaps                          |
| Aluminum Phosphate| Al+3   | Three                               | PO4-3  | Four                                 | AlPO4   | 1:1                             | Used as an anti-caking agent in foods   |
| Aluminum Oxide    | Al+3   | Three                               | O-2    | Two                                  | Al2O3   | 2:3                              | Used in aluminum production; remains stable at high temperatures |
| Iron(II) Oxide    | Fe+2   | Two                                 | O-2    | Two                                  | FeO     | 1:1                              | Used to make magnetic tapes           |
| Iron(III) Oxide   | Fe+3   | Three                               | O-2    | Three                                | Fe2O3   | 2:3                              | Commonly known as rust                |

**Puzzle Picture Diagram Explanation:**

The second section contains images and formulas depicting combinations of different cations and anions to form compounds:

1. **Magnesium and Hydroxide:**
   - **Formula:** Mg(OH)₂
   - **Diagram:** Shows Mg²⁺ and two OH⁻ ions fitting together like puzzle pieces.

2.
Transcribed Image Text:**Scientific Question:** What is the purpose of compounds containing integer ratios of elements? **Hypothesis:** Upon ionization, an atom becomes a positive cation, which interacts and bonds with a negative anion to form an ionic bond. **Table 1: Common Compounds** | Compound Name | Cation | Electrons Lost to Create the Cation | Anion | Electrons Gained to Create the Anion | Formula | Ratio of Metals to Nonmetals (M:N) | Common Use for the Compound | |-------------------|--------|-------------------------------------|--------|--------------------------------------|---------|----------------------------------|----------------------------------------| | Sodium Chloride | Na+1 | One | Cl-1 | One | NaCl | 1:1 | Table salt | | Sodium Oxide | Na+1 | One | O-2 | Two | Na2O | 2:1 | Ceramic glazes | | Sodium Hydroxide | Na+1 | One | OH-1 | One | NaOH | 1:1 | "lye," has been an ingredient used in soaps | | Aluminum Phosphate| Al+3 | Three | PO4-3 | Four | AlPO4 | 1:1 | Used as an anti-caking agent in foods | | Aluminum Oxide | Al+3 | Three | O-2 | Two | Al2O3 | 2:3 | Used in aluminum production; remains stable at high temperatures | | Iron(II) Oxide | Fe+2 | Two | O-2 | Two | FeO | 1:1 | Used to make magnetic tapes | | Iron(III) Oxide | Fe+3 | Three | O-2 | Three | Fe2O3 | 2:3 | Commonly known as rust | **Puzzle Picture Diagram Explanation:** The second section contains images and formulas depicting combinations of different cations and anions to form compounds: 1. **Magnesium and Hydroxide:** - **Formula:** Mg(OH)₂ - **Diagram:** Shows Mg²⁺ and two OH⁻ ions fitting together like puzzle pieces. 2.
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