Buffers have all of the following characteristics EXCEPT: a. they have relatively flat titration curves at the pH(s) where they buffer. b. they resist changes in their pH as acid or base is added. c. they are typically composed of a weak acid and its conjugate base. d. they buffer best for polyprotic acids half-way between the two pKa values. e. buffer where the amounts of conjugate base are nearly equivalent to the amounts of weak acid.

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