Briefly explain the following trends and derive a reason for the following observations: a) ionization energy (include the definition & equation) - how does the second ionization energy of sodium compare to the first ionization energy of magnesium? Is it higher or lower and why? b) electron affinity (include the definition & equation) - why is the electron affinity of carbon larger (more negative) than that of nitrogen when oxygen and fluorine are more negative than carbon? c) electronegativity - why do beryllium and aluminum exhibit similar electronegativities? The electronegativities are 1.57 (Be) and 1.61 (AI). d) electron configurations why is the electron configuration of chromium [Ar] 3d54s¹ and not [Ar]3d¹4s²? Why is the electron configuration of ytterbium [Xe] 4f¹46s² and not [Ar] 4f135d¹6d²? -

Briefly explain the following trends and derive a reason for the following observations: a) ionization energy (include the definition & equation) - how does the second ionization energy of sodium compare to the first ionization energy of magnesium? Is it higher or lower and why? b) electron affinity (include the definition & equation) - why is the electron affinity of carbon larger (more negative) than that of nitrogen when oxygen and fluorine are more negative than carbon? c) electronegativity - why do beryllium and aluminum exhibit similar electronegativities? The electronegativities are 1.57 (Be) and 1.61 (AI). d) electron configurations why is the electron configuration of chromium [Ar] 3d54s¹ and not [Ar]3d¹4s²? Why is the electron configuration of ytterbium [Xe] 4f¹46s² and not [Ar] 4f135d¹6d²? -

Chemistry

10th Edition

ISBN:9781305957404

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Chapter1: Chemical Foundations

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...

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