Briefly and intuitively explain why the number of varieties available to consumers after trade opens up between two countries will generally be less than the sum of varieties available in the countries before trade.
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Briefly and intuitively explain why the number of varieties available to consumers after trade opens up between two countries will generally be less than the sum of varieties available in the countries before trade.
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- “Why are these theoretical concepts of absolute and comparative advantage important for countries as they embark on international trade?”If the government of brazil allows free trade and the world price is $10, thenThe following graph shows the domestic supply of and demand for soybeans in Zambia. Zambia is open to international trade of soybeans without any restrictions. The world price (Pw) of soybeans is $550 per ton and is represented by the horizontal black line. Throughout this problem, assume that the amount demanded by any one country does not affect the world price of soybeans and that there are no transportation or transaction costs associated with international trade in soybeans. Also, assume that domestic suppliers will satisfy domestic demand as much as possible before any exporting or importing takes place. Use the graph input tool to help you answer the following questions. You will not be graded on any changes you make to this graph. Note: Once you enter a value in a white field, the graph and any corresponding amounts in each grey field will change accordingly. PRICE (Dollars per ton) 1000 950 900 850 800 750 700 650 600 550 500 X ++. 1 Supply Demand Pw W I 0 40 80 120 160 200…
- The following graph shows a fictional world economy that consists of only two countries, Greenberg and Baxton. Both countries produce airplanes under increasing-cost conditions. Note that the left-hand part of the diagram is a mirror image of a standard supply-demand diagram, and therefore the supply and demand curves slope in directions opposite their usual directions. Greenberg Baxton 30 27 24 +18 + + 15 12 In the absence of trade (that is, autarky), the equilibrium price in Greenberg is $ and the equilibrium price in Baxton is |. (Hint: Enter all monetary values in full. For example, $7,000 rather than $7.) In the absence of trade, which of the following statements is correct? O Greenberg has the comparative advantage in production of airplanes. O Greenberg and Baxton are equally good at producing airplanes. O Baxton has the comparative advantage in production of airplanes. Now suppose both countries open up to international trade with each other. For each country, use the previous…home cheese alc=1hr/kg wine alw=2hrs/gallon foreign cheese alc*=6hrs/kg wine alw*=3hrs/gallon Calculate the Home country's opportunity cost of producing cheese. In which product does the Home (Foreign* ) country has an absolute advantage? Show in which product does the Home (Foreign* ) country has comparative advantage? Calculate the relative supply (RS) With trade, what is the equilibrium range that the relative price of cheese to wine will settle? Supposing that the intersection of RS and RD occurs at PC /PW = 1, what is the implication?The following graph shows the domestic supply of and demand for soybeans in Guatemala. The world price (Pw ) of soybeans is $540 per ton and is represented by the horizontal black line. Throughout the question, assume that the amount demanded by any one country doès not affect the world price of soybeans and that there are no transportation or transaction costs associated with international trade in soybeans. Also, assume that domestic suppliers will satisfy domestic demand as much as possible before any exporting or importing takes place. 900 Domestic Demand Domestic Supply 855 810 765 720 675 630 585 Pw 540 495 450 40 80 120 160 200 240 280 320 360 400 QUANTITY (Tons of soybeans) PRICE (Dollars per ton)
- The graph above is the U.S. market for some imported good. Supply is a flat curve. The U.S. can import the Chinese good for $40 and the Mexican good for $48. Assume the U.S. imposes $10 tariffs on each unit of the imported good. What will be the quantity imported? From which country? How your answer will change if the U.S. keep the $10 tariffs but join a trade bloc with Mexico? Will the country’s wellbeing increase or decrease? By how much (hint find the change in consumer surplus and the change in government revenue)? Explain your answers.The following graph shows the domestic demand for and supply of oranges in Guatemala. The world price (Pw) of oranges is $550 per ton and is displayed as a horizontal black line. Throughout the question, assume that all countries under consideration are small, that is, the amount demanded by any one country does not affect the world price of oranges and that there are no transportation or transaction costs associated with International trade in oranges. Also, assume that domestic suppliers will satisfy domestic demand as much as possible before any exporting or importing takes place. PRICE (Dollars per ton) 820 790 760 730 700 670 640 610 580 550 520 0 Domestic Demand 1 Domestic Supply PW 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 QUANTITY (Tons of oranges) A tariff set at this level would raise (~.) ? If Guatemala is open to International trade In oranges without any restrictions, it will import Suppose the Guatemalan government wants to reduce imports to exactly 60 tons of oranges to help…The figure below shows the hypothetical domestic supply and demand for baseball caps in the country of Spain. Domestic Supply and Demand for Baseball Caps Spain Price (€ per cap) 10 X 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 9 8 7 5 3 2 1 0 Sd Dd
- The figure below shows the hypothetical domestic supply and demand for baseball caps in the country of Spain. Domestic Supply and Demand for Baseball Caps Spain 10 Sa 8 X 2 1 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Baseball caps (thousands per month) Suppose that the world price of baseball caps is €1 and there are no Import restrictions on this product. Assume that Spanish consumers are indifferent between domestic and Imported baseball caps. Instructions: Enter your answers as whole numbers. a. What quantity of baseball caps will domestic suppliers supply to domestic consumers? thousand b. What quantity of baseball caps will be imported? thousand Now suppose a tariff of €3 is levied against each Imported baseball cap. c. After the tariff is Implemented, what quantity of baseball caps will domestic suppliers supply to domestic consumers? thousand d. After the tariff Is Implemented, what quantity of baseball caps will be imported? thousand Price (€ per cap) 65 3₂The United States imports a lot of cars, despite having its own auto industry. Each of the following statements are arguments some people could make for restricting imports of cars into the United States. For each statement, identify the threat to the U.S. industry that the argument is trying to counter, and identify the opportunities that would be given up if the argument wins. SELECT THE CORRECT ANSWER a. “Foreign manufacturers are offloading their cheap cars onto the U.S. market. We should stop this so that consumers have access to higher-quality U.S. cars.” -National security requires that strategically important goods be produced domestically. -Protection can help infant industries develop. -Foreign competition may lead to job losses. -Anti-dumping laws prevent unfair competition. -Trade should not enable foreign firms to skirt U.S. regulations. b. “We must foster the innovation of small car companies, like Tesla. Allowing foreign electric vehicle manufacturers…Suppose Kenya is open to free trade in the world market for wheat. Because of Kenya's small size, the demand for and supply of wheat in Kenya do not affect the world price. The following graph shows the domestic wheat market in Kenya. The world price of wheat is Pw =$250 per ton. On the following graph, use the green triangle (triangle symbols) to shade the area representing consumer surplus (CS) when the economy is at the free-trade equilibrium. Then, use the purple triangle (diamond symbols) to shade the area representing producer surplus (PS). (? 490 Domestic Demand Domestic Supply 460 CS 430 400 370 PS 340 310 280 Pw 250 220 190 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 QUANTITY (Thousands of tons of wheat) If Kenya allows international trade in the market for wheat, it will import tons of wheat. Now suppose the Kenyan government decides to impose a tariff of $60 on each imported ton of wheat. After the tariff, the price Kenyan consumers pay for a ton of wheat is s and Kenya will import tons of…