Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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Question
Reaction conditions:
- Reagent: Br-Cl
- Irradiation: hv (light)
**Explanation:**
The reaction involves the halogenation of a cyclohexane ring using a bromine chloride (Br-Cl) reagent under the influence of light (hv). The steps to be illustrated in the detailed mechanism are:
1. **Initiation Step:**
- Br-Cl bond cleavage occurs under the influence of light, generating reactive intermediates (radicals).
\[
\text{Br-Cl} \xrightarrow{hv} \text{Br}^• + \text{Cl}^•
\]
2. **Propagation Steps:**
- The bromine radical (Br•) abstracts a hydrogen atom from the cyclohexane ring, forming a cyclohexyl radical and HBr.
\[
\text{Br}^• + \text{C}_6\text{H}_{12} \rightarrow \text{C}_6\text{H}_{11}^• + \text{HBr}
\]
- The cyclohexyl radical then reacts with a chlorine molecule (Cl₂), leading to the formation of the chlorocyclohexane and a chlorine radical.
\[
\text{C}_6\text{H}_{11}^• + \text{Cl}_2 \rightarrow \text{C}_6\text{H}_{11}\text{Cl} + \text{Cl}^•
\]
3. **Termination Steps:**
- The radicals (Br• and Cl•) combine to form more stable molecules, effectively terminating the reaction.
\[
\text{Br}^• + \text{Cl}^• \rightarrow \text{Br-Cl}
\]
\[
\text{Cl}^• + \text{Cl}^• \rightarrow \text{Cl}_2
\]
\[
\text{Br}^• + \text{](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F06f0fbe0-f317-435d-a2b5-90be2d5876f1%2Fa92cc4e8-501e-44b3-b69b-7f25d829b7fc%2F5zqrnr_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
Transcribed Image Text:**Mechanism for Halogenation Reaction**
**Question 8:** Draw a detailed mechanism for the following reaction. Remember to use the correct arrow conventions for indicating electron flow and to keep track of formal charges. You do not need to indicate stereochemistry with dashes and wedges. Indicate initiation, propagation, and termination steps.
**Reaction Scheme:**
Reaction conditions:
- Reagent: Br-Cl
- Irradiation: hv (light)
**Explanation:**
The reaction involves the halogenation of a cyclohexane ring using a bromine chloride (Br-Cl) reagent under the influence of light (hv). The steps to be illustrated in the detailed mechanism are:
1. **Initiation Step:**
- Br-Cl bond cleavage occurs under the influence of light, generating reactive intermediates (radicals).
\[
\text{Br-Cl} \xrightarrow{hv} \text{Br}^• + \text{Cl}^•
\]
2. **Propagation Steps:**
- The bromine radical (Br•) abstracts a hydrogen atom from the cyclohexane ring, forming a cyclohexyl radical and HBr.
\[
\text{Br}^• + \text{C}_6\text{H}_{12} \rightarrow \text{C}_6\text{H}_{11}^• + \text{HBr}
\]
- The cyclohexyl radical then reacts with a chlorine molecule (Cl₂), leading to the formation of the chlorocyclohexane and a chlorine radical.
\[
\text{C}_6\text{H}_{11}^• + \text{Cl}_2 \rightarrow \text{C}_6\text{H}_{11}\text{Cl} + \text{Cl}^•
\]
3. **Termination Steps:**
- The radicals (Br• and Cl•) combine to form more stable molecules, effectively terminating the reaction.
\[
\text{Br}^• + \text{Cl}^• \rightarrow \text{Br-Cl}
\]
\[
\text{Cl}^• + \text{Cl}^• \rightarrow \text{Cl}_2
\]
\[
\text{Br}^• + \text{
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