Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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Could please propose a mechanism for the following biochemical transformation and explain how you got the answer step by step?
Transcribed Image Text:**Biological Conversion of an Amine into a Ketone**
The image illustrates a biochemical reaction in which an amine in the Glutamate molecule is converted into a ketone in the α-Ketoglutarate molecule. This process involves several steps and critical components:
1. **Starting Material: Glutamate**
- The chemical structure of Glutamate is displayed, highlighting its amine group (NH\(_3\)).
- Glutamate serves as the substrate undergoing deamination.
2. **Oxidation Step**
- NAD\(^+\) (Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) is utilized as an electron acceptor in the reaction, which drives the oxidation process.
- This step results in the formation of an imine intermediate.
3. **Hydrolysis Step**
- The imine intermediate undergoes hydrolysis (addition of H\(_2\)O - water).
- This reaction ultimately yields the α-Ketoglutarate molecule.
4. **Final Product: α-Ketoglutarate**
- The chemical structure of α-Ketoglutarate is shown, featuring the ketone functional group resultant from the deamination of Glutamate.
**Explanation of Diagram**
- **Glutamate**: The structure on the left is identified as Glutamate, with a carboxyl group (COOH) and amine group (NH\(_3\)).
- **NAD\(^+\)**: An arrow pointing towards the right indicates the involvement of NAD\(^+\) in the reaction, resulting in an imine intermediate.
- **Imine Intermediate**: This intermediate is implied by a temporary structure before the final hydrolysis step.
- **H\(_2\)O (Water)**: H\(_2\)O is added to the reaction, symbolized by another arrow, leading to the final product.
- **α-Ketoglutarate**: The structure on the right represents the α-Ketoglutarate molecule with its ketone group.
This reaction showcases the transformation from an amine to a ketone through biochemical mechanisms and is essential in various metabolic pathways.
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