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Blologlcal converslon of an amlne Into a ketone: NH3 NAD* H20 Imine intermediate Glutamate a-Ketoglutarate

Blologlcal converslon of an amlne Into a ketone: NH3 NAD* H20 Imine intermediate Glutamate a-Ketoglutarate

Chemistry
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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Could please propose a mechanism for the following biochemical transformation and explain how you got the answer step by step?
**Biological Conversion of an Amine into a Ketone** The image illustrates a biochemical reaction in which an amine in the Glutamate molecule is converted into a ketone in the α-Ketoglutarate molecule. This process involves several steps and critical components: 1. **Starting Material: Glutamate** - The chemical structure of Glutamate is displayed, highlighting its amine group (NH\(_3\)). - Glutamate serves as the substrate undergoing deamination. 2. **Oxidation Step** - NAD\(^+\) (Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) is utilized as an electron acceptor in the reaction, which drives the oxidation process. - This step results in the formation of an imine intermediate. 3. **Hydrolysis Step** - The imine intermediate undergoes hydrolysis (addition of H\(_2\)O - water). - This reaction ultimately yields the α-Ketoglutarate molecule. 4. **Final Product: α-Ketoglutarate** - The chemical structure of α-Ketoglutarate is shown, featuring the ketone functional group resultant from the deamination of Glutamate. **Explanation of Diagram** - **Glutamate**: The structure on the left is identified as Glutamate, with a carboxyl group (COOH) and amine group (NH\(_3\)). - **NAD\(^+\)**: An arrow pointing towards the right indicates the involvement of NAD\(^+\) in the reaction, resulting in an imine intermediate. - **Imine Intermediate**: This intermediate is implied by a temporary structure before the final hydrolysis step. - **H\(_2\)O (Water)**: H\(_2\)O is added to the reaction, symbolized by another arrow, leading to the final product. - **α-Ketoglutarate**: The structure on the right represents the α-Ketoglutarate molecule with its ketone group. This reaction showcases the transformation from an amine to a ketone through biochemical mechanisms and is essential in various metabolic pathways.
Transcribed Image Text:**Biological Conversion of an Amine into a Ketone** The image illustrates a biochemical reaction in which an amine in the Glutamate molecule is converted into a ketone in the α-Ketoglutarate molecule. This process involves several steps and critical components: 1. **Starting Material: Glutamate** - The chemical structure of Glutamate is displayed, highlighting its amine group (NH\(_3\)). - Glutamate serves as the substrate undergoing deamination. 2. **Oxidation Step** - NAD\(^+\) (Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) is utilized as an electron acceptor in the reaction, which drives the oxidation process. - This step results in the formation of an imine intermediate. 3. **Hydrolysis Step** - The imine intermediate undergoes hydrolysis (addition of H\(_2\)O - water). - This reaction ultimately yields the α-Ketoglutarate molecule. 4. **Final Product: α-Ketoglutarate** - The chemical structure of α-Ketoglutarate is shown, featuring the ketone functional group resultant from the deamination of Glutamate. **Explanation of Diagram** - **Glutamate**: The structure on the left is identified as Glutamate, with a carboxyl group (COOH) and amine group (NH\(_3\)). - **NAD\(^+\)**: An arrow pointing towards the right indicates the involvement of NAD\(^+\) in the reaction, resulting in an imine intermediate. - **Imine Intermediate**: This intermediate is implied by a temporary structure before the final hydrolysis step. - **H\(_2\)O (Water)**: H\(_2\)O is added to the reaction, symbolized by another arrow, leading to the final product. - **α-Ketoglutarate**: The structure on the right represents the α-Ketoglutarate molecule with its ketone group. This reaction showcases the transformation from an amine to a ketone through biochemical mechanisms and is essential in various metabolic pathways.
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