Before the arrival of Europeans and others in the 17th century, all Native Americans lived in perfect harmony with nature, never experienced warfare, never changed the landscape by selective burning, and never experienced malnutrition. O True, and Europeans intentionally committed genocide from the first moment they set foot on North American soil. O False. The archaeological evidence is strong that North American climate zones, the absence of domesticated animals, and the limited technology of horticulture (rather than large-scale agriculture) limited the production of calories, which in turn limited the potential for accumulation of surpluses that could be either monetized or traded. Consequently, aspects of social organization -- especially, the preponderance of kinship networks/extended families as distinguished from hierarchies of castes - are strongly correlated with patterns of land tenure, low population density, and short-lived settlements. The archaeological evidence does not support a hypothesis of total human population before 1492 ever having risen above 5 million for the entire North American landmass north of what is now the international border between the US and Mexico. O Irrelevant because of manifest destiny. O None of the above.

Before the arrival of Europeans and others in the 17th century, all Native Americans lived in perfect harmony with nature, never experienced warfare, never changed the landscape by selective burning, and never experienced malnutrition. O True, and Europeans intentionally committed genocide from the first moment they set foot on North American soil. O False. The archaeological evidence is strong that North American climate zones, the absence of domesticated animals, and the limited technology of horticulture (rather than large-scale agriculture) limited the production of calories, which in turn limited the potential for accumulation of surpluses that could be either monetized or traded. Consequently, aspects of social organization -- especially, the preponderance of kinship networks/extended families as distinguished from hierarchies of castes - are strongly correlated with patterns of land tenure, low population density, and short-lived settlements. The archaeological evidence does not support a hypothesis of total human population before 1492 ever having risen above 5 million for the entire North American landmass north of what is now the international border between the US and Mexico. O Irrelevant because of manifest destiny. O None of the above.