Because proof-of-work incurs a lot of expenses on electricity, network, and cooling, etc. which do not seem to produce any benefit other than the maintaining the operation of the blockchain, Ethereum has proposed an alternative "mining" implementation known as "proof-of-stake" to replace its current POW design, where the amount of "ethers" held is used as "stake". Based on your understanding of POW, which of the following does NOT seem to be a necessary feature in a POS implementation? The next block producer will be randomly selected from candidates The more ethers a candidate stakes, the higher chance it will be selected as the next block producer A candidate block producer cannot use its staked ethers for some time (or forever) At any time, the candidate block producer with the most staked ether always gets selected as the next block producer

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Types of database architectures

A Database Architecture represents the Database Management System’s (DBMS) design (schema). The DBMS architecture makes it easy to understand the components involved in the database system and their relations. The DBMS architecture may vary based on the system on which it runs. Some systems contain both client and server machines whereas some run only on a server machine. Based on the architecture, the system can be classified as centralized, decentralized, or hierarchical.