SEE PHOTO: Effectiveness of separation. Based on the TLC analysis, did the isolated benzoic acidappear pure relative to the starting mixture? Did the isolated naphthalene look pure?How could the purity of the isolated materials be improved?In the picture: Aq- is Benzoic acidO- is Naphthaleneboth- is both Benzoic acid and Naphthalene The image shows a reflective metallic or plastic surface with several hand-drawn shapes. In the center are two circles and an oblong shape that resemble hand-drawn sketches. Below these shapes, a horizontal line divides the lower section. Along this line, there are three distinct points marked. Underneath, labels are written as follows:- "Ag" beneath the first point- A circle beneath the second point- "Bath" beneath the third pointThe surface appears to be placed on a crinkled and shiny background, possibly foil.This layout might be used to illustrate a concept in material science, chemistry, or physics related to different substances or states marked by the labels.

Answered: Based on the TLC analysis, did the…

Chemistry

10th Edition

ISBN:9781305957404

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Chapter1: Chemical Foundations

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...

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SEE PHOTO: Effectiveness of separation. Based on the TLC analysis, did the isolated benzoic acid
appear pure relative to the starting mixture? Did the isolated naphthalene look pure?
How could the purity of the isolated materials be improved?

In the picture: Aq- is Benzoic acid

O- is Naphthalene

both- is both Benzoic acid and Naphthalene

The image shows a reflective metallic or plastic surface with several hand-drawn shapes. In the center are two circles and an oblong shape that resemble hand-drawn sketches. Below these shapes, a horizontal line divides the lower section. Along this line, there are three distinct points marked. Underneath, labels are written as follows:

- "Ag" beneath the first point
- A circle beneath the second point
- "Bath" beneath the third point

The surface appears to be placed on a crinkled and shiny background, possibly foil.

This layout might be used to illustrate a concept in material science, chemistry, or physics related to different substances or states marked by the labels.

Expert Solution

Step 1: Thin layer chromatography

Thin layer chromatography (TLC) is a method that separates and purifies compounds based on differences in their solubility in two phases. One phase is a stationary solid phase made of finely divided silica (SiO₂) or alumina (Al2O₃) powder, which is about 0.25 mm thick and supported by a sheet of glass or metal foil. The other phase is a mobile liquid solvent phase, which consists of a volatile organic solvent or mixture of solvents. This solvent moves the compounds through the stationary phase, which is referred to as elution, and the solvents used for this process are called eluting solvents.

The eluting strength of a solvent is primarily related to how strongly it adsorbs onto the adsorbent. Since typical adsorbents are highly polar, the eluting strength increases with solvent polarity. The absorptivity of compounds increases with increased polarity, meaning that more polar compounds bind stronger to the adsorbent. Therefore, low-polarity compounds can be eluted with low-polarity solvents, while higher-polarity compounds require solvents of higher polarity.

The traveling of a component in a solvent can be quantified using the retention factor or R_f value.

$R subscript f equals fraction numerator d i s tan c e space t r a v e l e d space b y space t h e space c o m p o u n d over denominator d i s tan c e space t r a v e l e d space b y space t h e space s o l v e n t space f r o n t end fraction$

The slower a compound is bound to the adsorbent, the slower it moves up the TLC plate. Non-polar compounds move up the plate most rapidly (higher R_f value), while polar substances travel up the TLC plate slowly or not at all (lower R_f value).

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