Based on the procedure given below, answer the following questions about the aldol condensation reaction: "In a clean 50 mL Erlenmeyer flask, add the ketone (0.5 g), aldehyde (2.0 mL), 95% ethanol (10 mL), and 2N aqueous sodium hydroxide.' Assume the aldehyde and ketone are the answers you provided in Question 9. (4-methoxybenzaldehyde, MW = 136.148 and cyclohexanone MW = 9
Reactive Intermediates
In chemistry, reactive intermediates are termed as short-lived, highly reactive atoms with high energy. They rapidly transform into stable particles during a chemical reaction. In specific cases, by means of matrix isolation and at low-temperature reactive intermediates can be isolated.
Hydride Shift
A hydride shift is a rearrangement of a hydrogen atom in a carbocation that occurs to make the molecule more stable. In organic chemistry, rearrangement of the carbocation is very easily seen. This rearrangement can be because of the movement of a carbocation to attain stability in the compound. Such structural reorganization movement is called a shift within molecules. After the shifting of carbocation over the different carbon then they form structural isomers of the previous existing molecule.
Vinylic Carbocation
A carbocation where the positive charge is on the alkene carbon is known as the vinyl carbocation or vinyl cation. The empirical formula for vinyl cation is C2H3+. In the vinyl carbocation, the positive charge is on the carbon atom with the double bond therefore it is sp hybridized. It is known to be a part of various reactions, for example, electrophilic addition of alkynes and solvolysis as well. It plays the role of a reactive intermediate in these reactions.
Cycloheptatrienyl Cation
It is an aromatic carbocation having a general formula, [C7 H7]+. It is also known as the aromatic tropylium ion. Its name is derived from the molecule tropine, which is a seven membered carbon atom ring. Cycloheptatriene or tropylidene was first synthesized from tropine.
Stability of Vinyl Carbocation
Carbocations are positively charged carbon atoms. It is also known as a carbonium ion.
Based on the procedure given below, answer the following questions about the aldol
condensation reaction:
"In a clean 50 mL Erlenmeyer flask, add the
Assume the aldehyde and ketone are the answers you provided in Question 9. (4-methoxybenzaldehyde, MW = 136.148 and cyclohexanone MW = 98.143)
a. Determine the limiting reagent for the above reaction. Only perform calculations on the
organic reactants. Write out all calculations
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