Based of the attached case: *Competitive firms do not realize profits or incur losses in the long-run due to free entry and exit of new firms, based off the assumption that the prices of inputs (labor, capital, etc. remain unchanged) . Apply the case of the ethanol plants during 2006 and 2016 to demonstrate the above assertion. *Provide an extra example to the ethanol plants case used.
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Based of the attached case:
*Competitive firms do not realize
*Provide an extra example to the ethanol plants case used.
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- Profit is the incentive that drives our market economy. Firms make production, pricing, andhiring decisions based on their quest for profit. But what happens when a firm discoversthat it can make dramatically higher profits by stopping production altogether? In December2000, due to wild swings in the market for electricity, Kaiser Aluminium faced just such adecision.Kaiser Aluminium had contracted with Bonneville power for all of its electricity needs andfound itself in the unique position of being an electricity consumer and, potentially, anelectricity reseller. By December 2000, Kaiser faced a difficult decision of continuing itscurrent aluminium production and profit levels, or closing the plant to dramatically increaseits profit by simply reselling its electricity.When making production decisions, firms must consider both their costs and revenues. Oneimportant concern for many firms is utility costs. In 1996, Kaiser Aluminium Corporation inSpokane, Washington, entered into a…Profit is the incentive that drives our market economy. Firms make production, pricing, andhiring decisions based on their quest for profit. But what happens when a firm discoversthat it can make dramatically higher profits by stopping production altogether? In December2000, due to wild swings in the market for electricity, Kaiser Aluminium faced just such adecision.Kaiser Aluminium had contracted with Bonneville power for all of its electricity needs andfound itself in the unique position of being an electricity consumer and, potentially, anelectricity reseller. By December 2000, Kaiser faced a difficult decision of continuing itscurrent aluminium production and profit levels, or closing the plant to dramatically increaseits profit by simply reselling its electricity.When making production decisions, firms must consider both their costs and revenues. Oneimportant concern for many firms is utility costs. In 1996, Kaiser Aluminium Corporation inSpokane, Washington, entered into a…Profit is the incentive that drives our market economy. Firms make production, pricing, andhiring decisions based on their quest for profit. But what happens when a firm discoversthat it can make dramatically higher profits by stopping production altogether? In December2000, due to wild swings in the market for electricity, Kaiser Aluminium faced just such adecision.Kaiser Aluminium had contracted with Bonneville power for all of its electricity needs andfound itself in the unique position of being an electricity consumer and, potentially, anelectricity reseller. By December 2000, Kaiser faced a difficult decision of continuing itscurrent aluminium production and profit levels, or closing the plant to dramatically increaseits profit by simply reselling its electricity.When making production decisions, firms must consider both their costs and revenues. Oneimportant concern for many firms is utility costs. In 1996, Kaiser Aluminium Corporation inSpokane, Washington, entered into a…
- May and Raj me the only two growers who provide organically grown corn to a local grocery store. They know that if they cooperated and produced less corn, they could raise the price of the com. If they work independently, they will each earn 100. If they decide to work together and both lower their output, they call each earn 150. If one person lowers output and the other does not, the person who lowers output will earn $1 and the other person will capture the entire market and will earn 200. Table 10.6 represents the choices available to Mary and Raj. What is the best choice for Raj if he is sole that Mary will cooperate? If Mary thinks Raj will cheat, what should Mary do and why? What is the prisoners dilemma result? What is the preferred choice if they could ensure cooperation? A = Work independently; B = Cooperate and Lower Output. (Each results entry lists Rajs earnings first, and Marys earnings second.)4:40 PV E Yo LTE ll 87%I The ethanol bubble_Gro... O More Aplia Econ Blog News for Econ Students MONDAY, NOOVEMBER 05, 2007 The Ethanol Bubble? by William Chiu The New York Times reports that in less than one year, ethanol prices have plummeted over 30%. As a result, there is even talk of a government bailout for ethanol producers in case the price of ethanol falls too low! So, why did price spikes in last year's ethanol market give way to falling prices this year? To understand the price fluctuations, we need to know how the short-run behavior of firms in competitive industries (such as ethanol) differs from their long-run behavior. In the textbook model of perfectly competitive industries, an increase in demand causes the equilibrium price of ethanol to increase in the short run-from P1 to P2 in the diagram below. In the short run, higher ethanol prices lead profits for ethanol producers. higher PRICE OF ETHANOL PRICE OF ETHANOL MC ATC PROFIT 02 42 MARKET QUANTITY OF ETHANOL FIRM…1. A firm has three different production facilities, all of which produce the same product. Whilereviewing the firm’s cost data, Ron, a manager, discovered that one of the plants has a higher averagecost than the other plans and suggests closing this plant. Another manager, Jack, notes that the high-cost plant has high fixed costs but that the marginal cost in this plant is lower than in the other plants.He says that the high-cost plant should not be shut down but should expand its operations. Who isright? 2. Should a firm shut down if its weekly revenue is $1,000, its variable cost is $500, and its fixed cost is$800, of which $600 is avoidable if it shuts down? Explain.
- 100 90 80 70 60 ATC 50 40 30 20 AVC МС О 10 + 0 0 5 10 15 20 30 35 40 45 50 QUANTITY (Thousands of shirts) or each price in the following table, use the graph to determine the number of shirts this firm would produce in order to maximize its profit. Assume hat when the price is exactly equal to the average variable cost, the firm is indifferent between producing zero shirts and the profit-maximizing uantity. Also, indicate whether the firm will produce, shut down, or be indifferent between the two in the short run. Lastly, determine whether it will nake a profit, suffer a loss, or break even at each price. Price Quantity (Dollars per shirt) (Shirts) Profit or Loss? Produce or Shut Down? Shut down 10 20,000 Loss Shut down 20 10,000 Loss Shut down 32 5,000 Loss Either 0 or 37,500 Shut down 40 Loss 25 COSTS (Dollars)You own a printing firm. Two of yoursenior managers provide you with advice. Thefirst manager states that your company islosing money for every unit that is printed. Tominimize losses, she advises that you reduceyour production levels. The second managerstates that if your firm sells some more units,the price will cover your increase in costs. Inorder to reduce losses, the second managerrecommends that you should increaseproduction. Explain which manager iscorrect and who is offering the correctadvice?Juanita and Shantala run a business that programs and tests cellular phones. Assume that Juanita and Shantala can switch between programming and testing cellular phones at a constant rate. The following table applies. Minutes Needed to Number of Cellular Phones Programmed or Tested in a 40-Hour Week Program 1 Test 1 Cellular Phones Cellular Phones Cellular Phone Cellular Phone Programmed Tested Juanita 160 1200 Shantala 10 4. 240 600 Shantala has an absolute advantage in O a. programming cellular phones and a comparative advantage in testing cellular phones. O b. testing cellular phones and a comparative advantage in programming cellular phones. O c. testing cellular phones and a comparative advantage in testing cellular phones. O d. programming cellular phones and a comparative advantage in programming cellular phones.
- What is the relationship between a firm’s supply curve, its marginal cost curve, and its average variable cost curve? and pls give example/scenario.Suppose the market for fresh pork is a competitive market. Initially, it is operatingat its long-run competitive equilibrium at a market price of $50.Owing to the spread of COVID-19, many people turn to buying frozen meat oncea week rather than fresh pork every day. As a result, the market price of fresh porkreduces to $30.a. With the aid of a pair of market-and-firm diagrams, illustrate how thiswould affect the equilibrium price and quantity in the fresh pork market andthe output of a typical butcher of fresh pork in the short-run.b. Suppose, for the situation in (a), the average cost of a typical butcher offresh pork is $40, which includes $15 on buying meat from suppliers, $12on paying rent, $8 on paying hourly wages on staff, and $5 on other costs.Explain whether a typical butcher should shut down in the short run.Suppose a science museum charges $15 for admission, and each day 200 adults visit the museum. Suppose the museum directors cannot change the price they charge, but they know that for every $1000 a day spent on advertising they can increase demand by 50 tickets. The cost of operating the museum for a day is $2,000. Which of the following advertising choices should they make to maximize profits? O Spend $100O0 a day on advertising O Spend $2000 a day on advertising O Spend no money on advertising O Spend $3000 a day on advertising