Barcode Validation As you are aware, barcodes encode numbers. In the Universal Product Code system, each item is assigned a globally unique number. But not every number is a valid UPC. Why? Part of the answer is the check digit. In order to catch errors, the rightmost digit is calculated from the others. If this digit does not match its expected value, you can be assured the barcode is invalid, or has been read incorrectly. To calculate the check digit, perform the following operations modulo 10: • Sum the digits in the odd positions and multiply the result by three. • Add the digits in the even positions to the result. • Subtract the result from 10 to obtain the check digit. Your Task Given a 12-digit UPC, you will need to identify whether is is valid or invalid. The code will be provided from standard input. You simply need to print "valid" or "invalid" in response. Notes The code will be provided on a line by itself, and will consist of numerals alone. You may assume that it will be exactly 12 digits long.

Barcode Validation As you are aware, barcodes encode numbers. In the Universal Product Code system, each item is assigned a globally unique number. But not every number is a valid UPC. Why? Part of the answer is the check digit. In order to catch errors, the rightmost digit is calculated from the others. If this digit does not match its expected value, you can be assured the barcode is invalid, or has been read incorrectly. To calculate the check digit, perform the following operations modulo 10: • Sum the digits in the odd positions and multiply the result by three. • Add the digits in the even positions to the result. • Subtract the result from 10 to obtain the check digit. Your Task Given a 12-digit UPC, you will need to identify whether is is valid or invalid. The code will be provided from standard input. You simply need to print "valid" or "invalid" in response. Notes The code will be provided on a line by itself, and will consist of numerals alone. You may assume that it will be exactly 12 digits long.

Database System Concepts

7th Edition

ISBN:9780078022159

Author:Abraham Silberschatz Professor, Henry F. Korth, S. Sudarshan

Publisher:Abraham Silberschatz Professor, Henry F. Korth, S. Sudarshan

Chapter1: Introduction

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1PE

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Question

Examples
1.
Input:
111
Output:
invalid
2.
Input:
123456789012
Output:
111
valid

Barcode Validation
As you are aware, barcodes encode numbers. In the Universal Product Code system, each item is
assigned a globally unique number.
But not every number is a valid UPC. Why? Part of the answer is the check digit.
In order to catch errors, the rightmost digit is calculated from the others. If this digit does not match
its expected value, you can be assured the barcode is invalid, or has been read incorrectly.
To calculate the check digit, perform the following operations modulo 10:
• Sum the digits in the odd positions and multiply the result by three.
• Add the digits in the even positions to the result.
• Subtract the result from 10 to obtain the check digit.
Your Task
Given a 12-digit UPC, you will need to identify whether is is valid or invalid.
The code will be provided from standard input. You simply need to print "valid" or "invalid" in
response.
Notes
The code will be provided on a line by itself, and will consist of numerals alone. You may assume
that it will be exactly 12 digits long.

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