States of Matter
The substance that constitutes everything in the universe is known as matter. Matter comprises atoms which in turn are composed of electrons, protons, and neutrons. Different atoms combine together to give rise to molecules that act as a foundation for all kinds of substances. There are five states of matter based on their energies of attraction, namely solid, liquid, gases, plasma, and BEC (Bose-Einstein condensates).
Chemical Reactions and Equations
When a chemical species is transformed into another chemical species it is said to have undergone a chemical reaction. It consists of breaking existing bonds and forming new bonds by changing the position of electrons. These reactions are best explained using a chemical equation.
![### Balancing Chemical Equations
When balancing chemical reactions, it is critical to ensure that the number of atoms of each element in the reactants matches the number of atoms of those same elements in the products. This is based on the Law of Conservation of Mass, which states that matter cannot be created or destroyed in a closed system.
Consider the following chemical equation to be balanced:
\[ \text{Balance the following chemical equation (if necessary):} \]
\[ 2 \text{C}_5\text{H}_{10} \,(g) + 15 \text{O}_2 \,(g) \rightarrow 10 \text{H}_2 \text{O} + 10 \text{CO}_2 \]
### Step-by-Step Process:
1. **Identify the number of atoms of each element on both sides of the equation:**
- **Left Side (Reactants):**
- Carbon (C): \( 2 \times 5 = 10 \) atoms
- Hydrogen (H): \( 2 \times 10 = 20 \) atoms
- Oxygen (O): \( 15 \times 2 = 30 \) atoms
- **Right Side (Products):**
- Hydrogen (H): \( 10 \times 2 = 20 \) atoms
- Oxygen (O): \( 10 \times 1 = 10 \) atoms (from H\(_2\)O) + \( 10 \times 2 = 20 \) atoms (from CO\(_2\)) = 30 atoms total
- Carbon (C): \( 10 \times 1 = 10 \) atoms
2. **Verify the balance:**
- The number of Carbon (C) atoms on the left is 10 and on the right is also 10.
- The number of Hydrogen (H) atoms on the left is 20 and on the right is also 20.
- The number of Oxygen (O) atoms on the left is 30 and on the right is also 30.
Since the number of atoms for each element is the same on both sides of the equation, the equation is already balanced.
### Conclusion:
The chemical equation:
\[ 2 \text{C}_5\text{H}_{10} \,(g) + 15 \text{O}_2 \,(g) \](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2Ffbb15d99-77db-4308-835f-20d2902f98e0%2F24627693-8cbf-4998-bcb5-264790d26e7f%2Fz8shpy_processed.png&w=3840&q=75)
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