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B. Conformations Atoms within molecules can vibrate and are free to rotate about single bonds. This rotation may result in the atom taking different positions relative to the rest of the molecule. Molecular structures that are interconvertible by simple bond rotations are called CONFORMATIONS. Open Chain Compounds 27. Construct a model of ethane CH:CH3. Rotate the C-C single bond. a. Is there a change in the relative positions of the different atoms? b. Does the ethane molecule have more than one conformation? Rotation about the c-C bond changes the shape of the molecule while rotation about the C-H bond has no effect. Atoms can rotate freely about single bonds as opposed to double bonds (e.g., C-C, C=C) which have restricted rotation. The ethane molecule can adopt an infinite number of conformations according to the relative positions of the hydrogen atoms. These conformations can be interconverted by rotating about the C-C single bond. The two extreme conformations of ethane, the ECLIPSED and STAGGERED can best be seen by viewing along the C-C axis. Representation Conformation Sawhorse projection Newman projection Eclipsed Staggered 28. In which of the two extreme conformations are the hydrogens farthest apart from each other? The conformations in which the atoms are farthest apart, normally have the lowest potential energy and are referred to as the preferred conformations. Molecules are continuously and rapidly changing from one conformation to another, but they spend most of their time in the

B. Conformations Atoms within molecules can vibrate and are free to rotate about single bonds. This rotation may result in the atom taking different positions relative to the rest of the molecule. Molecular structures that are interconvertible by simple bond rotations are called CONFORMATIONS. Open Chain Compounds 27. Construct a model of ethane CH:CH3. Rotate the C-C single bond. a. Is there a change in the relative positions of the different atoms? b. Does the ethane molecule have more than one conformation? Rotation about the c-C bond changes the shape of the molecule while rotation about the C-H bond has no effect. Atoms can rotate freely about single bonds as opposed to double bonds (e.g., C-C, C=C) which have restricted rotation. The ethane molecule can adopt an infinite number of conformations according to the relative positions of the hydrogen atoms. These conformations can be interconverted by rotating about the C-C single bond. The two extreme conformations of ethane, the ECLIPSED and STAGGERED can best be seen by viewing along the C-C axis. Representation Conformation Sawhorse projection Newman projection Eclipsed Staggered 28. In which of the two extreme conformations are the hydrogens farthest apart from each other? The conformations in which the atoms are farthest apart, normally have the lowest potential energy and are referred to as the preferred conformations. Molecules are continuously and rapidly changing from one conformation to another, but they spend most of their time in the

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B. Conformations Atoms within molecules can vibrate and are free to rotate about single bonds. This rotation may result in the atom taking different positions relative to the rest of the molecule. Molecular structures that are interconvertible by simple bond rotations are called CONFORMATIONS. Open Chain Compounds 27. Construct a model of ethane CH;CH3. Rotate the C-C single bond. a. Is there a change in the relative positions of the different atoms? b. Does the ethane molecule have more than one conformation? Rotation about the C-C bond changes the shape of the molecule while rotation about the C-H bond has no effect. Atoms can rotate freely about single bonds as opposed to double bonds (e.g., C-C, C=C) which have restricted rotation. The ethane molecule can adopt an infinite number of conformations according to the relative positions of the hydrogen atoms. These conformations can be interconverted by rotating about the C-C single bond. The two extreme conformations of ethane, the ECLIPSED and STAGGERED can best be seen by viewing along the C-C axis. Conformation Representation Sawhorse projection Newman projection Eclipsed Staggered 28. In which of the two extreme conformations are the hydrogens farthest apart from each other? The conformations in which the atoms are farthest apart, normally have the lowest potential energy and are referred to as the preferred conformations. Molecules are continuously and rapidly changing from one conformation to another, but they spend most of their time in the preferred conformation.
Transcribed Image Text:B. Conformations Atoms within molecules can vibrate and are free to rotate about single bonds. This rotation may result in the atom taking different positions relative to the rest of the molecule. Molecular structures that are interconvertible by simple bond rotations are called CONFORMATIONS. Open Chain Compounds 27. Construct a model of ethane CH;CH3. Rotate the C-C single bond. a. Is there a change in the relative positions of the different atoms? b. Does the ethane molecule have more than one conformation? Rotation about the C-C bond changes the shape of the molecule while rotation about the C-H bond has no effect. Atoms can rotate freely about single bonds as opposed to double bonds (e.g., C-C, C=C) which have restricted rotation. The ethane molecule can adopt an infinite number of conformations according to the relative positions of the hydrogen atoms. These conformations can be interconverted by rotating about the C-C single bond. The two extreme conformations of ethane, the ECLIPSED and STAGGERED can best be seen by viewing along the C-C axis. Conformation Representation Sawhorse projection Newman projection Eclipsed Staggered 28. In which of the two extreme conformations are the hydrogens farthest apart from each other? The conformations in which the atoms are farthest apart, normally have the lowest potential energy and are referred to as the preferred conformations. Molecules are continuously and rapidly changing from one conformation to another, but they spend most of their time in the preferred conformation.
The changes in potential energy of ethane as one methyl group moves relative to the other about the carbon-carbon single bond can be shown diagrammatically in the figure below. The x-axis is the dihedral angle (or rotation angle, p) defined as: R 29. Complete the diagram in your sheet by indicating the changes in potential energy which occur during a full 360° rotation of one methyl group of ethane relative to the other methyl group. Potential Energy 60 120 180 240 300 360 Dihedral angle, The energy barrier to rotation about the C-C bond in ethane is 3 kcal/mol. Because this energy is readily attained at room temperature, different conformations of ethane cannot be isolated. An energy barrier greater than 15-20 kcal/mol is required to be able to isolate different conformations at room temperature. 30. Draw the Newman and sawhorse representation of ethane with the highest potential energy.
Transcribed Image Text:The changes in potential energy of ethane as one methyl group moves relative to the other about the carbon-carbon single bond can be shown diagrammatically in the figure below. The x-axis is the dihedral angle (or rotation angle, p) defined as: R 29. Complete the diagram in your sheet by indicating the changes in potential energy which occur during a full 360° rotation of one methyl group of ethane relative to the other methyl group. Potential Energy 60 120 180 240 300 360 Dihedral angle, The energy barrier to rotation about the C-C bond in ethane is 3 kcal/mol. Because this energy is readily attained at room temperature, different conformations of ethane cannot be isolated. An energy barrier greater than 15-20 kcal/mol is required to be able to isolate different conformations at room temperature. 30. Draw the Newman and sawhorse representation of ethane with the highest potential energy.
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