(b) Is the 0.03 lb/10° Btu rule more or less restrictive than the 1 percent emission rule?
(b) Is the 0.03 lb/10° Btu rule more or less restrictive than the 1 percent emission rule?
Elements Of Electromagnetics
7th Edition
ISBN:9780190698614
Author:Sadiku, Matthew N. O.
Publisher:Sadiku, Matthew N. O.
ChapterMA: Math Assessment
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1.1MA
Related questions
Question
Ans only 3.2b
![3.2. (a) What percent efficiency must an ash collector for a coal-fired power plant have to meet
the NSPS for coal-fired power plants (Table 3.1)? See inside the back cover for the
properties of typical coal.
(b) Is the 0.03 lb/10 Btu rule more or less restrictive than the 1 percent emission rule?
(c) At what percent ash in the coal would the two rules be equally restrictive?
(d) Why are there two separate restrictions? (To answer this part of the question, you must
know some of the history of these regulations beyond that presented in this book.)
TABLE 3.1
Federal standards of performance for new stationary sources (commonly called
new source performance standards [NSPS])
This list is an excerpt from the 2015 version of 40CFR60. Standards are listed there for 101 industrial categories.
New categories are regularly added, and existing ones modified. This excerpt shows the kind of regulations that
are contained in that much larger compilation.
1. Coal-fired power plants whose construction started after September 18, 1978, may not emit the following
to the atmosphere:
a. Particulate matter more than 0.03 lb/10 Btu, or 1% of the ash solids in the fuel, whichever is less.
b. Sulfur dioxide more than 1.2 lb/10° Btu, or more than 30% of the SO, that would be formed if all the
sulfur in the coal were converted to SO2, whichever is less.
c. Nitrogen oxides more than 0.6 lb/10° Btu for most coals, or 0.5 lb/10° Btu for sub-bituminous coal.
2. Large incinerators shall not emit to the atmosphere gases that contain more than 34 mg/dry standard cubic
meter of particulates. There are also limits of opacity, cadmium, lead, mercury, and acid gases.
3. Portland cement plants constructed after June 16, 2008 shall not emit to the atmosphere the following:
a. Gases from the kiln containing more than 0.02 lb of particulates/ton of clinker.
b. Gases from the clinker cooler containing more than 0.02 lb of particulates/ton of clinker.
4. Nitric acid plants shall not emit gases containing more than 3.0 lb of NO2 per ton of nitric acid produced.
5. Sulfuric acid plants shall not emit gases containing more than 4 lb of SO2 and/or 0.15 lb of sulfuric acid
mist/ton of acid produced (100% basis).
The above regulations also limit the opacity of the plumes from these plants, mostly as a control measure,
and have very detailed descriptions of testing and monitoring requirements. The Federal Register document
showing the NSPS regulations for Electric Utility Steam Generating Units (for coal and for other fuels) is
42 pages long. The others are mostly shorter.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F85ff80cd-34a8-4471-9907-d9de1b52412a%2Fb1eca578-d923-4a6e-adf8-94db7573be21%2Fu4wj0gd_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
Transcribed Image Text:3.2. (a) What percent efficiency must an ash collector for a coal-fired power plant have to meet
the NSPS for coal-fired power plants (Table 3.1)? See inside the back cover for the
properties of typical coal.
(b) Is the 0.03 lb/10 Btu rule more or less restrictive than the 1 percent emission rule?
(c) At what percent ash in the coal would the two rules be equally restrictive?
(d) Why are there two separate restrictions? (To answer this part of the question, you must
know some of the history of these regulations beyond that presented in this book.)
TABLE 3.1
Federal standards of performance for new stationary sources (commonly called
new source performance standards [NSPS])
This list is an excerpt from the 2015 version of 40CFR60. Standards are listed there for 101 industrial categories.
New categories are regularly added, and existing ones modified. This excerpt shows the kind of regulations that
are contained in that much larger compilation.
1. Coal-fired power plants whose construction started after September 18, 1978, may not emit the following
to the atmosphere:
a. Particulate matter more than 0.03 lb/10 Btu, or 1% of the ash solids in the fuel, whichever is less.
b. Sulfur dioxide more than 1.2 lb/10° Btu, or more than 30% of the SO, that would be formed if all the
sulfur in the coal were converted to SO2, whichever is less.
c. Nitrogen oxides more than 0.6 lb/10° Btu for most coals, or 0.5 lb/10° Btu for sub-bituminous coal.
2. Large incinerators shall not emit to the atmosphere gases that contain more than 34 mg/dry standard cubic
meter of particulates. There are also limits of opacity, cadmium, lead, mercury, and acid gases.
3. Portland cement plants constructed after June 16, 2008 shall not emit to the atmosphere the following:
a. Gases from the kiln containing more than 0.02 lb of particulates/ton of clinker.
b. Gases from the clinker cooler containing more than 0.02 lb of particulates/ton of clinker.
4. Nitric acid plants shall not emit gases containing more than 3.0 lb of NO2 per ton of nitric acid produced.
5. Sulfuric acid plants shall not emit gases containing more than 4 lb of SO2 and/or 0.15 lb of sulfuric acid
mist/ton of acid produced (100% basis).
The above regulations also limit the opacity of the plumes from these plants, mostly as a control measure,
and have very detailed descriptions of testing and monitoring requirements. The Federal Register document
showing the NSPS regulations for Electric Utility Steam Generating Units (for coal and for other fuels) is
42 pages long. The others are mostly shorter.
Expert Solution
Step 1
As shown in Table 3.1, there are two cases: (1) the plant began operations on September 18, 1978, and (2) the plant began operations on June 16, 2008. The following observations are made based on the table:
(1) In September of 1978, a coal-fired power plant was established:
(2) On June 16, 2008, a coal-fired power plant began operations:
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