Axial loads are applied with rigid bearing plates to the solid cylindrical rods shown. The normal stress in aluminum rod (1) must be limited to 18 ksi, the normal stress in brass rod (2) must be limited to 23 ksi, and the normal stress in steel rod (3) must be limited to 14 ksi. Determine the minimum diameter required for each of the three rods. Assume P = 8 kips, Q = 6 kips, R = 16 kips and S = 23 kips. (1) VQ (2) (3) A Answer: F₁ = B C D First: Calculate the internal force (positive if tensile, negative if compresive) in rod (1). Use a FBD cutting through the rod in the section that includes the free end A. i kips.

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Bars

In civil engineering, bars refer to steel reinforcement bars or rebars. These are structural members primarily used for reinforcement purposes in masonry works. A bar is characterized by its cross-sectional area, which is negligible compared to its length. Bars are usually manufactured by steel which is uniform throughout the length, or by meshing multiple steel wires. Other materials of the bar include carbon steel, glass fiber, carbon fiber, and basalt fiber. The reinforcing bars are coated with epoxy resins and other materials to enhance some of their properties including corrosion resistance.