Average Bond Enthalpies Average Bond Enthalpies J/mol Bond $13 348 293 358 85 28 76 Bond C=C CEC C=N CEN C=0 CEO KJ/mol 614 839 615 891 799 1072 N-H N-N N-O N-F N-CI KJImol Bond KJ/mol Bond 463 146 391 163 O-H 0-0 F-F CI-F CI-CI Br-F KJ/mol 155 253 201 272 200 O-F O-CI 04 190 203 234 242 237 218 Br-CI N-Br 243 Br-Br 193 S-H 339 327 253 218 40 H-H H-F H-GI 436 567 431 S-F S-CI I-CI I-Br 208 175 N=N 418 59 S-Br 151 NEN 941
Types of Chemical Bonds
The attractive force which has the ability of holding various constituent elements like atoms, ions, molecules, etc. together in different chemical species is termed as a chemical bond. Chemical compounds are dependent on the strength of chemical bonds between its constituents. Stronger the chemical bond, more will be the stability in the chemical compounds. Hence, it can be said that bonding defines the stability of chemical compounds.
Polarizability In Organic Chemistry
Polarizability refers to the ability of an atom/molecule to distort the electron cloud of neighboring species towards itself and the process of distortion of electron cloud is known as polarization.
Coordinate Covalent Bonds
A coordinate covalent bond is also known as a dative bond, which is a type of covalent bond. It is formed between two atoms, where the two electrons required to form the bond come from the same atom resulting in a semi-polar bond. The study of coordinate covalent bond or dative bond is important to know about the special type of bonding that leads to different properties. Since covalent compounds are non-polar whereas coordinate bonds results always in polar compounds due to charge separation.
![Average Bond Enthalpies
Average Bond Enthalpies
Bond
C=C
CEC
C=N
KJ/mol
614
839
Bond KJ/mol Bond
KJ/mol Bond KJ/mol Bond
KJ/mol
С-Н
413
N-H
391
O-H
463
F-F
155
146
190
C-C
348
N-N
163
201
0-0
O-F
CI-F
253
242
615
891
799
1072
C-N
293
N-O
CI-CI
CEN
C-O
C-F
C-CI
C-Br
358
N-F
N-CI
272
O-CI
203
Br-F
Br-CI
Br-Br
237
485
200
234
218
C=0
328
N-Br
243
193
CEO
276
240
259
S-H
S-F
S-CI
S-Br
339
327
253
218
C-I
C-S
H-H
H-F
H-CI
H-Br
436
567
431
I-CI
I-Br
208
175
151
N=N
418
NEN
941
Si-H 323
Si-Si 226
366
S-S
266
N=O
607
299
Si-C 301
B-H
389
P-H
322
S=0
S=S
523
418
Si-O 368
B-O
B-F
536
Si-CI 464
613
B-CI
456
B-Br
377
O2
495
Acid
pK,
so Solids
Naci 72.1
HC=C-H
25
Liquids
HBr
сH,он 237.6
CH,
228.9 H,0
Ca,(PO 236
Gases
HCI
| N.O
Mg
CaCo,
198.7
32.7
MgH, 31.1
29.1
51.4
64.7
27.2
92.9
186.9
219.9
211.2
240.1
304.3
232.0
Cacl,
H,C=CH-H
44
N,0
NO
113.8
Li
Cа(он), 76.1
Na
K
Fe
172.8
69.9
216.3
NO,
H;C-CH2-H
50
PCI,
Cac,
glucose
352.7
70.0
209.2
5.6
186.9
B,H,
CH
NH2-H
FeCl, 142.3
35
Gases
H,
N,
186.3
в
B
5.90
130.7
C,H,
C,H.
C,H,
200.8
219.6
229.6
126.0
146.2
Si
I
18.8 NH,CI
Ca,(PO, 238.5 Mg(OH), 63.2
191.5
H-H
36
205.1
192.5
238.9
197.7
H,PO, "110
Na,so, 149.6
Na,co, 136.0
NaOH 52.3
Na, PO, 224.7
LICI
Mgo
MgCl,
Naci(aq) 115.5
Не
CH,CH,OH
15.9
kJ/mol
2.1
4.2
Ne
CI
OH
Ar
154.8
co,
F2
ci,
213.7
202.8
223
310
Kr
R-CO2-H
5
164.0
169.6
CH,
55.2
26.8
89.5
7.6
8.0
9.2
22.8
Xe
CH,CH,
HCI
-8
ipr
t-Bu
Strong Base
Weak Base
Weak Base
Strong Base
Weak Nucleophile Strong Nucleophile Strong Nucleophile Weak Nucleophile
H', DBN, DBU
OH", RO
I, Br", CI', RS"
HS', RSH, H,S
H20, ROH
DBN
DBU
Radical Stability
Bond Dissociation Energy, kJ/mole
CH, CH;CH; (CH3)2CH2 (CH3);CH allyl-H Benzyl-H phenyl-H vinyl-H
431
410
396
381
356
356
431
427
allyl, benzyl > 3° > 2° > 1° > CH3
Reactions: Can only use Radical, Alkene, Substitution and Elimination.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2Ff5d66ebf-e981-4b57-99d2-f171bcd6f6b7%2F5aa645bb-cb67-45fb-813e-6a6c5aa25b7a%2F743ecm_processed.png&w=3840&q=75)
![In THF, which is imiscible with water, the kinetics are first order in both reactants for the following
reaction. If the concentration of water is set at 0.500 M, use the following time-concentration
data to calculate the first order rate constant for bromoporpane
С3Н7-Br + H20
С3H7-ОН + НВr
minutes M, C3H7Br
2.20x10-3
2
1.87x10-3
ABC
ттT Arial
3 (12pt)
Path: p
Words:0
II
!!](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2Ff5d66ebf-e981-4b57-99d2-f171bcd6f6b7%2F5aa645bb-cb67-45fb-813e-6a6c5aa25b7a%2Ffte2sacv_processed.png&w=3840&q=75)
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