auais, 48%0 If a particular population of diploid individuals is in equilibrium and contains 16% homozygous domin heterozygotes, and 36% homozygous recessive individuals, what is the frequency of the recessive allele in this population?
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- 19% dominant phenotype 0.19 = p2 + 2pq What is the dominant allele frequency?12:29 ė Variation in Alleles Allele frequency - Allele frequency, or gene frequency, is the relative frequency of an allele a particular locus in a population 1. What is the allele frequency for the dominant allele? 2. What is the percentage of dominant alleles? 3. What is the allele frequency for the recessive allele? 4. What is the percentage of recessive alleles? 264 If you have 12 alleles, and 7 of them are dominant and 5 of them are recessive, calculate the following allele frequencies. ×dd-ons Help в I U A Calibri 12 三 三1 |:三 6. Consider a guinea pig with a homozygous genotype and a white fur color phenotype. a. What is the probability this parent will produce a gamete with the dominant allele? b. What is the probability this parent will produce a gamete with the recessive allele? C. If 31 sperm cells are collected from this guinea pig, how many would you expect to have the recessive allele (as determined by sequencing the gene)? !!!
- For the purpose of the assignment, we will refer to XY individuals as male and XX individuals as female. In humans, colorblindness (b) is an example of an X-linked recessive trait. In this problem, a male with colorblindness XbY marries a female who is not colorblind but is a carrier of the colorblindness allele (XXb). Using a Punnett square, determine the genotypic and phenotypic probabilities (as percentages) for their potential offspring. Give the percentages in numbers, without the percent sign, for each genotype and phenotype. Genotypes XX Xxb xbxb XY xby Phenotypes Consider females (XX) individuals only. In the two questions below, I am asking for the % of females, not % of all people. What is the % of females who are not colorblind? What is the% of females who are colorblind? Now consider makes (XX) individuals only. In the two questions below, I am asking for the % ofBE 2 W S E- 2. Consider two loci (locus 1 with alleles A and a, and locus 2 with alleles B and b) with allele frequencies p = 0.4 and s= 0.7. a) What are the expected gamete frequencies if the two loci are in linkage equilibrium? p=0.4 p(AB) = p(aB) = :0 F2 English (United States) Accessibility: Unavailable p(AB) = p(aB) = #3 80 b) What is the value Dmax assuming the case of maximum positive disequilibrium? Hint: it is the smaller value between the two products of allele frequencies. E q= c). Calculate the gametic frequencies assuming the case of maximum positive disequilibrium (Hint: remember that D is used to measure the deviation from random association between alleles at the two loci 1 and 2, so that for gamete AB for example, D = p(AB) - p*s). D $ 4 R F do 5 % F5 s = 0.7 T p(Ab) = p(ab) = G p(Ab) = p(ab) = MacBook Air () > 6 ss Fo C Y No Spacing & 7 H t= ← F7 U N * Heading 2 8 J DII FB ( 9 Focus E Fo K M ) O 0 L < L' P3.13 In Drosophila, the mutant allele bwdts causing brown eyes (normal eyes are red) is temperature sensitive. In flies reared at 29°C the mutant allele is dominant, but in flies reared at 22°C the mutant allele is recessive. In a cross of bwdts/+ X bwdts/+, where the + sign denotes the wild-type allele of bwdts, what is the expected ratio of brown-eyed flies to red-eyed flies if the progeny are reared at 29°C? At 22°C?
- 1 in 1700 US Caucasian newborns has cystic fibrosis, which is only present in individuals with the homozygous recessive genotype. Assuming the population is in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium, what is the allele frequency of the dominant allele in the population.r-Weinberg Equilibrium Problem Albinism is a rare genetically inherited trait that is only expressed in the phenotype of homozygous recessive individuals (aa) The most characteristic symptom is a marked deficiency in the skin and hair pigment melanin. This condition can occur among any human group as well as among other animal species. The average human frequency of albinism in North America is only about 5 in 100,00. What are the allelic frequencies of a and A in the North American population if this population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium? What are the frequencies of each of the three possible genotypes in the North American population if this population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?9-10. In watermelons, the genes for green color and short shape are dominant over their alleles for striped color and for long shape. Suppose a plant with long striped fruit is crossed with a plant heterozygous for both of these characters. What phenotypes would this cross produce and in what ratios? Phenotypes = 1/2 short/green 1/2 long/green= 1:1 ratio Phenotypes = 1/4 short/green 1/4 short/striped 1/4 long/green 1/4 long/striped = 1:1:1:1 ratio Phenotypes = 3/4 short/green 1/4 long/green = 3:1 ratio Phenotypes = All short/green = 1:0 ratio
- # 3 e A = all of the dominant alleles for a particular trait in a specific population; a = all of the recessive alleles for a particular trait in a specific population In the following equations "A" is represented by "p"; "a" is represented by "q" Hardy Weinberg equations: Allele distributions in Generation 1: 36 homozygous dominant individuals 13 heterozygous individuals 1 homozygous recessive individual There are 50 individuals in this particular population. We want to see if allele distributions change from generation to generation. We will use the Hardy Weinberg equations to find out. p+q=1.0 (100% of the alleles for this trait in the population) Explanation of terminology: px p=p² 2 xpxq=2pq qxq=q² p² + 2pq+q² = 1.0 (Don't panic! You can do this!) Due to migration and random mating of the parent generation, the percentage of homozygous recessive genotypes in Generation 2 offspring increases, changing "a" to 40%, so a = .40 If "a" = .40, and "a"=q, then q = Remember that p+q=1.0 If…3. 3 I bbtal) Let's take a ślightly different look at the blue-eyed Mary Plants again. To remind you, the populations are dimorphic for dark blotches on the leaves --- some plants have blotches, and others don't. You have already determined earlier in the semester that Blotched is the dominant allele for this trait (use p for the dominant allele), and blotchless (no dark blotches on leaves) is the recessive allele for this trait (use g for the recessive allele). Leaves were sampled from each individual in a population of these plants, representing population in its entirety. The results are shown below: Remember our Hardy-Weinberg formulas: p² + 2pq +q² = 1 and p + q =1. Based solely on the phenotypic information given in the figure above, determine the following information (round to 2 decimal nlaces, please): :de d£h: q = 2pq- 2pqs What percentage of the plants are homozygous for the dominant allele?1 (b). Nowadays, newborn babies are required to be tested for phynylketonuria (PKU), an autosomal recessive genetic disorder. If untreated, individual homozygous for PKU suffer mental retardation. In a recent year, 4 PKU babies were detected out of 126,o00 tested. Assuming Hardy-Weinberg conditions, What is the percentage of heterozygous carriers? (Give your answer in whole number, no decimal places, and include the % symbol without a space).