ATC13.36 "Cry wolf" effect in air traffic controlling. Researchers atAlion Science Corporation and New Mexico State Universitycollaborated on a study of how air traffic controllers respondto false alarms (Human Factors, Aug. 2009). The researcherstheorize that the high rate of false alarms regarding midaircollisions leads to the "cry wolf" effect, i.e., the tendency forair traffic controllers to ignore true alerts in the future. Theinvestigation examined data on a random sample of 437 con-flict alerts. Each alert was first classified as a "true" or "false"alert. Then, each was classified according to whether therewas a human controller response to the alert. The numberof the 437 alerts that fall into each of the combined cate-gories is given as follows: True alert/No response-3; Truealert/Response-231; False alert/No response-37; False alert/Response-166. This summary information is saved in theATC file. Do the data indicate that the response rate of airtraffic controllers to midair collision alarms differs for trueand false alerts? Test using a = .05. What inference can youmake concerning the "cry wolf" effect?

Data SummaryTrue alert / Response: 231True alert / No response: 3False alert / Response: 166False…

Answered: ATC 13.36 "Cry wolf" effect in air…

Big Ideas Math A Bridge To Success Algebra 1: Student Edition 2015

1st Edition

ISBN:9781680331141

Author:HOUGHTON MIFFLIN HARCOURT

Publisher:HOUGHTON MIFFLIN HARCOURT

Chapter4: Writing Linear Equations

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 14CR

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Elissa Epel, a professor of health psychology at the University of California–San Francisco, studied women in high- and low-stress situations. She found that women with higher cortisol responses to stress ate significantly more sweet food and consumed more calories on the stress day compared with those with low cortisol responses, and compared with themselves on lower stress days. Increases in negative mood in response to the stressors were also significantly related to greater food consumption. These results suggest that psychophysiological responses to stress may influence subsequent eating behavior. Over time, these alterations could impact both weight and health. You are interested in studying whether students living in the dorms or students living off campus have higher cortisol levels. You ask a sample of n₁ = 25 students living in the dorms and n₂ = 30 students living off campus to record their afternoon cortisol levels for a week. The average cortisol level for students living…
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Does posting calorie content for menu items affectpeople’s choices in fast-food restaurants? According to results obtained by Elbel, Gyamfi, and Kersh(2011), the answer is no. The researchers monitoredthe calorie content of food purchases for children andadolescents in four large fast-food chains before andafter mandatory labeling began in New York City. Although most of the adolescents reported noticing thecalorie labels, apparently the labels had no effect ontheir choices. Data similar to the results obtained showan average of M = 786 calories per meal with s =85 for n =100 children and adolescents before thelabeling, compared to an average of M = 772 calorieswith s = 91 for a similar sample of n = 100 after themandatory posting.a. Use a two-tailed test with a = .05 to determinewhether the mean number of calories after theposting is significantly different than before caloriecontent was posted.b. Calculate r2to measure effect size for the mean difference.
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McAllister et al. (2012) compared varsity football and hockey players with varsity athletes from noncontact sports to determine whether exposure to head impacts during one season have an effect on cognitive performance. In the study, tests of new learning performance were significantly poorer for the contact sport athletes compared to the noncontact sport athletes. The following table presents data similar to the results obtained in the study. Noncontact Athletes: 10, 8, 7, 9, 13, 7, 6, 12 Contact Athletes: 7, 4, 9, 3, 7, 6, 10, 2 a. Are the test scores significantly lower for the contact sport athletes than for the noncontact athletes? Use a two-tailed test with =.05 b. What sampling technique was most likely employed by the researcher? justify your answer c. Does exposure to head impacts have an effect on cognitive performance? why or why not
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Carter et al investigated the effect of age at onset of bipolar disorder on the course of the illness. One of the variables studied was the subjects' family history. The table below shows the frequency of a family history of mood disorders in the two groups of interest: early age at onset (18years or younger) and later age at onset (later than 18 years old). Can we conclude on the basis of these data that subjects 18 or younger differ from subjects older than 18 with respect to family histories ofmood disorders? Ref: J Psychiatric Research 37(2003), 297-303.
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