ATC13.36 "Cry wolf" effect in air traffic controlling. Researchers atAlion Science Corporation and New Mexico State Universitycollaborated on a study of how air traffic controllers respondto false alarms (Human Factors, Aug. 2009). The researcherstheorize that the high rate of false alarms regarding midaircollisions leads to the "cry wolf" effect, i.e., the tendency forair traffic controllers to ignore true alerts in the future. Theinvestigation examined data on a random sample of 437 con-flict alerts. Each alert was first classified as a "true" or "false"alert. Then, each was classified according to whether therewas a human controller response to the alert. The numberof the 437 alerts that fall into each of the combined cate-gories is given as follows: True alert/No response-3; Truealert/Response-231; False alert/No response-37; False alert/Response-166. This summary information is saved in theATC file. Do the data indicate that the response rate of airtraffic controllers to midair collision alarms differs for trueand false alerts? Test using a = .05. What inference can youmake concerning the "cry wolf" effect?

Data SummaryTrue alert / Response: 231True alert / No response: 3False alert / Response: 166False…

Answered: ATC 13.36 "Cry wolf" effect in air…

Big Ideas Math A Bridge To Success Algebra 1: Student Edition 2015

1st Edition

ISBN:9781680331141

Author:HOUGHTON MIFFLIN HARCOURT

Publisher:HOUGHTON MIFFLIN HARCOURT

Chapter4: Writing Linear Equations

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 14CR

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What is an experiment?
Elissa Epel, a professor of health psychology at the University of California–San Francisco, studied women in high- and low-stress situations. She found that women with higher cortisol responses to stress ate significantly more sweet food and consumed more calories on the stress day compared with those with low cortisol responses, and compared with themselves on lower stress days. Increases in negative mood in response to the stressors were also significantly related to greater food consumption. These results suggest that psychophysiological responses to stress may influence subsequent eating behavior. Over time, these alterations could impact both weight and health. You are interested in studying whether students living in the dorms or students living off campus have higher cortisol levels. You ask a sample of n₁ = 25 students living in the dorms and n₂ = 30 students living off campus to record their afternoon cortisol levels for a week. The average cortisol level for students living…
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Does posting calorie content for menu items affectpeople’s choices in fast-food restaurants? According to results obtained by Elbel, Gyamfi, and Kersh(2011), the answer is no. The researchers monitoredthe calorie content of food purchases for children andadolescents in four large fast-food chains before andafter mandatory labeling began in New York City. Although most of the adolescents reported noticing thecalorie labels, apparently the labels had no effect ontheir choices. Data similar to the results obtained showan average of M = 786 calories per meal with s =85 for n =100 children and adolescents before thelabeling, compared to an average of M = 772 calorieswith s = 91 for a similar sample of n = 100 after themandatory posting.a. Use a two-tailed test with a = .05 to determinewhether the mean number of calories after theposting is significantly different than before caloriecontent was posted.b. Calculate r2to measure effect size for the mean difference.
Summers et al (2021) hypothesised that people believe that pain is influenced by socio-economic status (SES); specifically, that low SES individuals are believed to be less sensitive to pain. To test their hypothesis, they had participants read a description of a target person (accompanied by a random photo) that included several cues to SES (education, job, income, neighbourhood) and to estimate target's pain sensitivity to injuries on the Pain Sensitivity Scale. Half of the participants read descriptions of low-SES individuals, and half read descriptions of high-SES individuals. After conducting the original study, they ran a follow-up study to determine whether the effect generalises to medical professionals. They repeated the study, but with two groups of participants - medical professionals and undergraduate students. All other aspects of the study were the same. Which of the following statements is true about this study (select all that apply)? O a. Results should be analysed in…
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As part of her report on the durability of Honda sedans, a researcher for Consumer Reports records a number of data points from a variety of Honda sedans. In particular, she believes that to demonstrate Honda’s enduring legacy as a smart, sensible, long-term vehicle, she should correlate the odometer reading (total number of miles driven) and the age of a number of different Honda sedans (in years). What kind of correlation is most likely to be obtained for these two variables? A correlation close to r = 0. A correlation close to r = 1.00. A positive correlation (0 < r < 1.00). A negative correlation (–1.00 < r < 0).

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