At the end of the first month of opening your business, you calculate the actual operating costs of the business and the income you earned. You also notice and document the difference in what you budgeted for certain materials and labor against the actual amounts you spent on the same. For your statement of cost of goods sold, use the following data regarding the actual costs incurred by the business over the past month: Materials purchased: $20,000 Consumed 80% of the purchased materials Direct labor: $8,493.33 Overhead costs: $3,765 Note: Assume that the beginning materials and ending work in process are zero for the month. Use the following revenue and cost information for the income statement. Note that the revenue you use will depend on the pricing level options you chose in Milestone Two. Also, assume that after accounting for weekends and other holidays, there were 20 business days in the first month of operation. For example, if you chose a sales price of $20 per collar, the actual number of collars sold in the month was 33 per day or 33 x 20 = 660 per month. Established Sales Price Number of Items Sold per Day Collars $20 33 $24 28 $28 23 Leashes $22 28 $26 23 $30 18 Harnesses $25 25 $30 22 $35 20 The other costs incurred by the business include: General and administrative salaries Receptionist: $1,950 Owner salary: $500 Depreciation: $165 Rent: $750 Utilities and insurance: $600 Scissors, thread, and cording: $1,200 Loan repayment: $550 Variance (looking for help with this portion) At the end of the month, you find that the labor and materials spent on manufacturing collars was different from what you estimated: The collar maker had to work nine hours a day instead of eight due to an increased demand for collars. Because of the increased demand, the hourly rate you paid your employee for making the collars increased to $16.50. An increase in the cost of raw material led the direct material cost per collar to increase to $10. However, you also made and sold 60 more collars than you expected to sell in the month. You now need to determine the variance in the materials and labor cost from what you estimated in Milestone Two based on the market research data.
Cost-Volume-Profit Analysis
Cost Volume Profit (CVP) analysis is a cost accounting method that analyses the effect of fluctuating cost and volume on the operating profit. Also known as break-even analysis, CVP determines the break-even point for varying volumes of sales and cost structures. This information helps the managers make economic decisions on a short-term basis. CVP analysis is based on many assumptions. Sales price, variable costs, and fixed costs per unit are assumed to be constant. The analysis also assumes that all units produced are sold and costs get impacted due to changes in activities. All costs incurred by the company like administrative, manufacturing, and selling costs are identified as either fixed or variable.
Marginal Costing
Marginal cost is defined as the change in the total cost which takes place when one additional unit of a product is manufactured. The marginal cost is influenced only by the variations which generally occur in the variable costs because the fixed costs remain the same irrespective of the output produced. The concept of marginal cost is used for product pricing when the customers want the lowest possible price for a certain number of orders. There is no accounting entry for marginal cost and it is only used by the management for taking effective decisions.
At the end of the first month of opening your business, you calculate the actual operating costs of the business and the income you earned. You also notice and document the difference in what you budgeted for certain materials and labor against the actual amounts you spent on the same.
For your statement of cost of goods sold, use the following data regarding the actual costs incurred by the business over the past month:
- Materials purchased: $20,000
- Consumed 80% of the purchased materials
- Direct labor: $8,493.33
Overhead costs: $3,765
Note: Assume that the beginning materials and ending work in process are zero for the month.
Use the following revenue and cost information for the income statement. Note that the revenue you use will depend on the pricing level options you chose in Milestone Two. Also, assume that after accounting for weekends and other holidays, there were 20 business days in the first month of operation. For example, if you chose a sales price of $20 per collar, the actual number of collars sold in the month was 33 per day or 33 x 20 = 660 per month.
|
Established Sales Price |
Number of Items Sold per Day |
|
Collars |
|
|
$20 |
33 |
|
$24 |
28 |
|
$28 |
23 |
|
Leashes |
|
|
$22 |
28 |
|
$26 |
23 |
|
$30 |
18 |
|
Harnesses |
|
|
$25 |
25 |
|
$30 |
22 |
|
$35 |
20 |
The other costs incurred by the business include:
- General and administrative salaries
- Receptionist: $1,950
- Owner salary: $500
- Depreciation: $165
- Rent: $750
- Utilities and insurance: $600
- Scissors, thread, and cording: $1,200
- Loan repayment: $550
Variance (looking for help with this portion)
At the end of the month, you find that the labor and materials spent on manufacturing collars was different from what you estimated:
- The collar maker had to work nine hours a day instead of eight due to an increased demand for collars.
- Because of the increased demand, the hourly rate you paid your employee for making the collars increased to $16.50.
- An increase in the cost of raw material led the direct material cost per collar to increase to $10.
- However, you also made and sold 60 more collars than you expected to sell in the month.
You now need to determine the variance in the materials and labor cost from what you estimated in Milestone Two based on the
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