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Multiple myeloma, or blood plasma cancer is characterized by increased blood vessel formulation (angiogenesis) in the bone marrow that is a predictive factor in survival. One treatment approach used for multiple myeloma is stem cell transplantation with the patient’s own stem cells. The data in the table below represent the bone marrow micro-vessel density for patients who had a complete response to the stem cell transplant and at the time the complete response was determined.
|
Patient
|
Before
|
After
|
|
1
|
158
|
284
|
|
2
|
189
|
214
|
|
3
|
202
|
101
|
|
4
|
353
|
227
|
|
5
|
416
|
290
|
|
6
|
426
|
176
|
|
7
|
441
|
290
|
At the 0.05 level of significance, is there evidence that the mean bone marrow micro-vessel density is
higher before the stem cell transplant than after the stem cell transplant?
Definition Definition Measure of central tendency that is the average of a given data set. The mean value is evaluated as the quotient of the sum of all observations by the sample size. The mean, in contrast to a median, is affected by extreme values. Very large or very small values can distract the mean from the center of the data. Arithmetic mean: The most common type of mean is the arithmetic mean. It is evaluated using the formula: μ = 1 N ∑ i = 1 N x i Other types of means are the geometric mean, logarithmic mean, and harmonic mean. Geometric mean: The nth root of the product of n observations from a data set is defined as the geometric mean of the set: G = x 1 x 2 ... x n n Logarithmic mean: The difference of the natural logarithms of the two numbers, divided by the difference between the numbers is the logarithmic mean of the two numbers. The logarithmic mean is used particularly in heat transfer and mass transfer. ln x 2 − ln x 1 x 2 − x 1 Harmonic mean: The inverse of the arithmetic mean of the inverses of all the numbers in a data set is the harmonic mean of the data. 1 1 x 1 + 1 x 2 + ...
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