Assume that X~Bin(n, p). Find the variance of X algebraically. Hint: First find E(X*(X-1)). Use M,(1) to find V(X). a. b.

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**Binomial Distribution and Variance Calculation**

In this exercise, we will explore how to find the variance of a random variable \(X\) that follows a binomial distribution. Given that \(X\) follows \(Bin(n, p)\), the questions prompt methods to calculate the variance both algebraically and using the moment generating function.

1. **Assumption:**
   Assume that \(X \sim Bin(n, p)\).

2. **Questions:**

   a. **Algebraic Calculation of Variance:**
      Find the variance of \(X\) algebraically. A helpful hint is to first find the expected value of \(X \cdot (X - 1)\), denoted as \(E(X \cdot (X - 1))\).

   b. **Variance using Moment Generating Function:**
      Use the moment generating function \(M_X(t)\) to find the variance of \(X\), denoted as \(V(X)\).

3. **Detailed Explanations:**

   - For part (a), to compute the variance algebraically, you will follow these steps:
     1. Calculate \(E(X)\) (the mean).
     2. Calculate \(E(X \cdot (X - 1))\).
     3. Use the formula for variance, \(V(X) = E(X^2) - [E(X)]^2\), where \(E(X^2)\) can be derived from \(E(X \cdot (X - 1))\).

   - For part (b), you will need to utilize the properties of the moment generating function \(M_X(t)\) for the Binomial distribution and derive the variance from the second derivative of \(M_X(t)\) evaluated at \(t = 0\).

These calculations allow one to understand the distribution and spread of the binomial random variable \(X\) around its mean, providing insight into its variability.
Transcribed Image Text:**Binomial Distribution and Variance Calculation** In this exercise, we will explore how to find the variance of a random variable \(X\) that follows a binomial distribution. Given that \(X\) follows \(Bin(n, p)\), the questions prompt methods to calculate the variance both algebraically and using the moment generating function. 1. **Assumption:** Assume that \(X \sim Bin(n, p)\). 2. **Questions:** a. **Algebraic Calculation of Variance:** Find the variance of \(X\) algebraically. A helpful hint is to first find the expected value of \(X \cdot (X - 1)\), denoted as \(E(X \cdot (X - 1))\). b. **Variance using Moment Generating Function:** Use the moment generating function \(M_X(t)\) to find the variance of \(X\), denoted as \(V(X)\). 3. **Detailed Explanations:** - For part (a), to compute the variance algebraically, you will follow these steps: 1. Calculate \(E(X)\) (the mean). 2. Calculate \(E(X \cdot (X - 1))\). 3. Use the formula for variance, \(V(X) = E(X^2) - [E(X)]^2\), where \(E(X^2)\) can be derived from \(E(X \cdot (X - 1))\). - For part (b), you will need to utilize the properties of the moment generating function \(M_X(t)\) for the Binomial distribution and derive the variance from the second derivative of \(M_X(t)\) evaluated at \(t = 0\). These calculations allow one to understand the distribution and spread of the binomial random variable \(X\) around its mean, providing insight into its variability.
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