Assume Australia is an importer of sofas and there are no trade restrictions. Australian  consumers buy 1 000 000 sofas per year, of which 450 000 are produced domestically and  550 000 are imported. a Suppose that a technological advance among Swedish sofa manufacturers causes  the world price of sofas to fall by $200. Draw a graph to show how this change affects  the welfare of Australian consumers and Australian producers, and how it affects total  surplus in Australia. b After the fall in price, Australian consumers buy 1 150 000 sofas, of which 300 000 are  produced domestically and 850 000 are imported. Calculate the change in consumer  surplus, producer surplus and total surplus from the price reduction.

ENGR.ECONOMIC ANALYSIS
14th Edition
ISBN:9780190931919
Author:NEWNAN
Publisher:NEWNAN
Chapter1: Making Economics Decisions
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1QTC
icon
Related questions
Question

Assume Australia is an importer of sofas and there are no trade restrictions. Australian 
consumers buy 1 000 000 sofas per year, of which 450 000 are produced domestically and 
550 000 are imported.
a Suppose that a technological advance among Swedish sofa manufacturers causes 
the world price of sofas to fall by $200. Draw a graph to show how this change affects 
the welfare of Australian consumers and Australian producers, and how it affects total 
surplus in Australia.
b After the fall in price, Australian consumers buy 1 150 000 sofas, of which 300 000 are 
produced domestically and 850 000 are imported. Calculate the change in consumer 
surplus
, producer surplus and total surplus from the price reduction.
c If the government responded by putting a $200 tariff on imported sofas, what would this 
do? Calculate the revenue that would be raised and the deadweight loss. Would it be a 
good policy from the standpoint of Australian welfare? Who might support the policy?
d Suppose that the fall in price is attributable not to technological advance but to a $200 
per sofa subsidy from the Swedish Government to Swedish industry. How would this 
affect your analysis?

low-priced foreign competition, and you are trying to get parliament to pass trade
restrictions. Which two or three of the five arguments discussed in this chapter do you
think would be most persuasive to the average parliamentarian? Explain your reasoning.
Copyright 2021 Cangage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in pathabsAH-20oRation: International
t
b Now assume you are an astute student of economics (hopefully not a hard assumption).
Although all the arguments for restricting trade have their shortcomings, name the
two or three arguments that seem to make the most economic sense to you. For each,
describe the economic rationale for and against these arguments for trade restrictions.
5 The nation of Textilia does not allow imports of clothing. In its equilibrium without trade,
a T-shirt costs $20, and the equilibrium quantity is three million T-shirts. One day, after
reading Adam Smith's The Wealth of Nations while on vacation, the president decides to
open the Textilian market to international trade. The market price of a T-shirt falls to the
world price of $16. The number of T-shirts consumed in Textilia rises to four million, while
the number of T-shirts produced declines to one million.
a llustrate the situation just described in a graph. Your graph should show all the numbers.
b Calculate the change in consumer surplus, producer surplus and total surplus that results
from opening up trade. (Hint. Recall that the area of a triangle is ½ x base x height.)
6 China is a major producer of grains, such as wheat, corn and rice. Some years ago, the
Chinese Government, concerned that grain exports were driving up food prices for
domestic consumers, imposed a tax on grain exports.
a Draw the graph that describes the market for grain in an exporting country. Use this
graph as the starting point to answer the following questions.
b How does an export tax affect domestic grain prices?
How does it affect the welfare of domestic consumers, the welfare of domestic
producers and government revenue?
d What happens to total welfare in China, as measured by the sum of consumer surplus,
producer surplus and tax revenue?
7 Consider a country that imports a good from abroad. For each of the following statements,
say whether it is true or false. Explain your answer.
a The greater the elasticity of demand, the greater the gains from trade.
b if demand is perfectly inelastic, there are no gains from trade."
C If demand is perfectly inelastic, consumers do not benefit from trade.'
8 Having rejected a tariff on steel (a tax on imports), the Prime Minister of Isoland is now
considering the same-sized tax on steel consumption (including both imported and
domestically produced steel).
a Using Figure 9.4, identify the quantity consumed and the quantity produced in Isoland
under a steel consumption tax.
b Construct a table similar to that in Table 9.3 for the steel consumption tax.
c Which raises more revenue for the government - the consumption tax or the tariff?
Which has a smaller deadweight loss? Explain.
9 Assume Australia is an importer of sofas and there are no trade restrictions. Australian
consumers buy 1 000 000 sofas per year, of which 450 000 are produced domestically and
550 000 are imported.
a Suppose that a technological advance among Swedish sofa manufacturers causes
the world price of sofas to fall by $200. Draw a graph to show how this change affects
the welfare of Australian consumers and Australian producers, and how it affects total
surplus in Australia.
b After the fall in price, Australian consumers buy 1 150 000 sofas, of which 300 000 are
produced domestically and 850 000 are imported. Calculate the change in consumer
surplus, producer surplus and total surplus from the price reduction.
c If the government responded by putting a $200 tariff on imported sofas, what would this
do? Calculate the revenue that would be raised and the deadweight loss. Would it be a
good policy from the standpoint of Australian welfare? Who might support the policy?
d Suppose that the fall in price is attributable not to technological advance but to a $200
per sofa subsidy from the Swedish Government to Swedish industry. How would this
affect your analysis?
10 Consider a small country that exports steel. Suppose that a 'protrade' government decides
to subsidise the export of steel by paying a certain amount for each tonne sold abroad.
How does this export subsidy affect the domestic price of steel, the quantity of steel
produced, the quantity of steel consumed and the quantity of steel exported? How does
it affect consumer surplus, producer surplus, government revenue and total surplus?
(Hint: The analysis of an export subsidy is similar to the analysis of a tariff.)
demsndr MarRets Grdeetfarerning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-202
Transcribed Image Text:low-priced foreign competition, and you are trying to get parliament to pass trade restrictions. Which two or three of the five arguments discussed in this chapter do you think would be most persuasive to the average parliamentarian? Explain your reasoning. Copyright 2021 Cangage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in pathabsAH-20oRation: International t b Now assume you are an astute student of economics (hopefully not a hard assumption). Although all the arguments for restricting trade have their shortcomings, name the two or three arguments that seem to make the most economic sense to you. For each, describe the economic rationale for and against these arguments for trade restrictions. 5 The nation of Textilia does not allow imports of clothing. In its equilibrium without trade, a T-shirt costs $20, and the equilibrium quantity is three million T-shirts. One day, after reading Adam Smith's The Wealth of Nations while on vacation, the president decides to open the Textilian market to international trade. The market price of a T-shirt falls to the world price of $16. The number of T-shirts consumed in Textilia rises to four million, while the number of T-shirts produced declines to one million. a llustrate the situation just described in a graph. Your graph should show all the numbers. b Calculate the change in consumer surplus, producer surplus and total surplus that results from opening up trade. (Hint. Recall that the area of a triangle is ½ x base x height.) 6 China is a major producer of grains, such as wheat, corn and rice. Some years ago, the Chinese Government, concerned that grain exports were driving up food prices for domestic consumers, imposed a tax on grain exports. a Draw the graph that describes the market for grain in an exporting country. Use this graph as the starting point to answer the following questions. b How does an export tax affect domestic grain prices? How does it affect the welfare of domestic consumers, the welfare of domestic producers and government revenue? d What happens to total welfare in China, as measured by the sum of consumer surplus, producer surplus and tax revenue? 7 Consider a country that imports a good from abroad. For each of the following statements, say whether it is true or false. Explain your answer. a The greater the elasticity of demand, the greater the gains from trade. b if demand is perfectly inelastic, there are no gains from trade." C If demand is perfectly inelastic, consumers do not benefit from trade.' 8 Having rejected a tariff on steel (a tax on imports), the Prime Minister of Isoland is now considering the same-sized tax on steel consumption (including both imported and domestically produced steel). a Using Figure 9.4, identify the quantity consumed and the quantity produced in Isoland under a steel consumption tax. b Construct a table similar to that in Table 9.3 for the steel consumption tax. c Which raises more revenue for the government - the consumption tax or the tariff? Which has a smaller deadweight loss? Explain. 9 Assume Australia is an importer of sofas and there are no trade restrictions. Australian consumers buy 1 000 000 sofas per year, of which 450 000 are produced domestically and 550 000 are imported. a Suppose that a technological advance among Swedish sofa manufacturers causes the world price of sofas to fall by $200. Draw a graph to show how this change affects the welfare of Australian consumers and Australian producers, and how it affects total surplus in Australia. b After the fall in price, Australian consumers buy 1 150 000 sofas, of which 300 000 are produced domestically and 850 000 are imported. Calculate the change in consumer surplus, producer surplus and total surplus from the price reduction. c If the government responded by putting a $200 tariff on imported sofas, what would this do? Calculate the revenue that would be raised and the deadweight loss. Would it be a good policy from the standpoint of Australian welfare? Who might support the policy? d Suppose that the fall in price is attributable not to technological advance but to a $200 per sofa subsidy from the Swedish Government to Swedish industry. How would this affect your analysis? 10 Consider a small country that exports steel. Suppose that a 'protrade' government decides to subsidise the export of steel by paying a certain amount for each tonne sold abroad. How does this export subsidy affect the domestic price of steel, the quantity of steel produced, the quantity of steel consumed and the quantity of steel exported? How does it affect consumer surplus, producer surplus, government revenue and total surplus? (Hint: The analysis of an export subsidy is similar to the analysis of a tariff.) demsndr MarRets Grdeetfarerning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-202
Expert Solution
trending now

Trending now

This is a popular solution!

steps

Step by step

Solved in 3 steps with 4 images

Blurred answer
Knowledge Booster
Total Surplus
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, economics and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.
Similar questions
  • SEE MORE QUESTIONS
Recommended textbooks for you
ENGR.ECONOMIC ANALYSIS
ENGR.ECONOMIC ANALYSIS
Economics
ISBN:
9780190931919
Author:
NEWNAN
Publisher:
Oxford University Press
Principles of Economics (12th Edition)
Principles of Economics (12th Edition)
Economics
ISBN:
9780134078779
Author:
Karl E. Case, Ray C. Fair, Sharon E. Oster
Publisher:
PEARSON
Engineering Economy (17th Edition)
Engineering Economy (17th Edition)
Economics
ISBN:
9780134870069
Author:
William G. Sullivan, Elin M. Wicks, C. Patrick Koelling
Publisher:
PEARSON
Principles of Economics (MindTap Course List)
Principles of Economics (MindTap Course List)
Economics
ISBN:
9781305585126
Author:
N. Gregory Mankiw
Publisher:
Cengage Learning
Managerial Economics: A Problem Solving Approach
Managerial Economics: A Problem Solving Approach
Economics
ISBN:
9781337106665
Author:
Luke M. Froeb, Brian T. McCann, Michael R. Ward, Mike Shor
Publisher:
Cengage Learning
Managerial Economics & Business Strategy (Mcgraw-…
Managerial Economics & Business Strategy (Mcgraw-…
Economics
ISBN:
9781259290619
Author:
Michael Baye, Jeff Prince
Publisher:
McGraw-Hill Education