Arrange the atoms and/or ions in the following groups in order of decreasing size. (Express your answer as a chemical formula.) 1. Co+, Co2+, Co³+ 2. S²-, Cl-, K+ 3. Fe²+, Ni²+, Zn²+ V
Formal Charges
Formal charges have an important role in organic chemistry since this concept helps us to know whether an atom in a molecule is neutral/bears a positive or negative charge. Even if some molecules are neutral, the atoms within that molecule need not be neutral atoms.
Polarity Of Water
In simple chemical terms, polarity refers to the separation of charges in a chemical species leading into formation of two polar ends which are positively charged end and negatively charged end. Polarity in any molecule occurs due to the differences in the electronegativities of the bonded atoms. Water, as we all know has two hydrogen atoms bonded to an oxygen atom. As oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen thus, there exists polarity in the bonds which is why water is known as a polar solvent.
Valence Bond Theory Vbt
Valence bond theory (VBT) in simple terms explains how individual atomic orbitals with an unpaired electron each, come close to each other and overlap to form a molecular orbital giving a covalent bond. It gives a quantum mechanical approach to the formation of covalent bonds with the help of wavefunctions using attractive and repulsive energies when two atoms are brought from infinity to their internuclear distance.
The concept used in the above question is the relationship between atomic or ionic radius and the number of protons and electrons in an atom or ion. As the number of protons in the nucleus increases, the attractive force on the electrons increases, pulling them closer to the nucleus and decreasing the atomic or ionic radius. On the other hand, adding electrons to an atom or ion increases the repulsion between electrons, which can cause the radius to increase.
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