Arandom sample of 19 observations taken from a population that is normally distributed produced a sample mean of 42.4 and a standard deviation of 8. Find the range for the p-value and the critical and observed values of t for each of the following tests of hypotheses using, a = 0.01.

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**Hypothesis Testing Using t-distribution**

A random sample of 19 observations taken from a normally distributed population yielded a sample mean of 42.4 and a standard deviation of 8. The goal is to find the range for the *p-value* and the critical and observed values of *t* for each of the following hypothesis tests at a significance level of \(\alpha = 0.01\).

To determine the *p-value* range, use the *t* distribution table. Round all *t* values to three decimal places.

### Test a

**Null Hypothesis (\(H_0\))**: \(\mu = 46\)

**Alternative Hypothesis (\(H_1\))**: \(\mu < 46\)

- **Observed t Value (\(t_{observed}\))**: -1.96
- Determine the range for *p-value* as: `< p-value <`
- Use the *t-distribution* table to fill in the *critical t* value (\(t_{critical}\)).

### Test b

**Null Hypothesis (\(H_0\))**: \(\mu = 46\)

**Alternative Hypothesis (\(H_1\))**: \(\mu \neq 46\)

- Determine the range for *p-value* as: `< p-value <`
- Use the *t-distribution* table to determine values.

This setup helps you understand hypothesis testing and the use of t-distribution in evaluating the statistical significance of your test results.
Transcribed Image Text:**Hypothesis Testing Using t-distribution** A random sample of 19 observations taken from a normally distributed population yielded a sample mean of 42.4 and a standard deviation of 8. The goal is to find the range for the *p-value* and the critical and observed values of *t* for each of the following hypothesis tests at a significance level of \(\alpha = 0.01\). To determine the *p-value* range, use the *t* distribution table. Round all *t* values to three decimal places. ### Test a **Null Hypothesis (\(H_0\))**: \(\mu = 46\) **Alternative Hypothesis (\(H_1\))**: \(\mu < 46\) - **Observed t Value (\(t_{observed}\))**: -1.96 - Determine the range for *p-value* as: `< p-value <` - Use the *t-distribution* table to fill in the *critical t* value (\(t_{critical}\)). ### Test b **Null Hypothesis (\(H_0\))**: \(\mu = 46\) **Alternative Hypothesis (\(H_1\))**: \(\mu \neq 46\) - Determine the range for *p-value* as: `< p-value <` - Use the *t-distribution* table to determine values. This setup helps you understand hypothesis testing and the use of t-distribution in evaluating the statistical significance of your test results.
**Hypothesis Testing with a Sample of Normally Distributed Data**

A random sample of 19 observations taken from a normally distributed population produced a sample mean of 42.4 and a standard deviation of 8. The task is to find the range for the p-value and the critical and observed values of t for two different hypothesis tests using a significance level, α = 0.01.

**Instructions:**

- Use the t distribution table to find a range for the p-value.
- Round your answers for the values of t to three decimal places.

**Part a: Test the Hypothesis**

- Null Hypothesis (H₀): μ = 46 
- Alternative Hypothesis (H₁): μ < 46.

To determine:

1. The range for the p-value.
2. The critical value of t (t_critical).
3. The observed value of t (t_observed = -1.96 is provided).

**Part b: Test the Hypothesis**

- Null Hypothesis (H₀): μ = 46 
- Alternative Hypothesis (H₁): μ ≠ 46.

To determine:

1. The range for the p-value.
2. The critical value of t (t_critical).
3. The observed value of t (not provided; calculate as needed).

Use the given information and the appropriate statistical tools to complete the hypothesis testing for both scenarios.
Transcribed Image Text:**Hypothesis Testing with a Sample of Normally Distributed Data** A random sample of 19 observations taken from a normally distributed population produced a sample mean of 42.4 and a standard deviation of 8. The task is to find the range for the p-value and the critical and observed values of t for two different hypothesis tests using a significance level, α = 0.01. **Instructions:** - Use the t distribution table to find a range for the p-value. - Round your answers for the values of t to three decimal places. **Part a: Test the Hypothesis** - Null Hypothesis (H₀): μ = 46 - Alternative Hypothesis (H₁): μ < 46. To determine: 1. The range for the p-value. 2. The critical value of t (t_critical). 3. The observed value of t (t_observed = -1.96 is provided). **Part b: Test the Hypothesis** - Null Hypothesis (H₀): μ = 46 - Alternative Hypothesis (H₁): μ ≠ 46. To determine: 1. The range for the p-value. 2. The critical value of t (t_critical). 3. The observed value of t (not provided; calculate as needed). Use the given information and the appropriate statistical tools to complete the hypothesis testing for both scenarios.
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