Apparent size of Andromeda Galaxy (M31) Imagine the Milky Way Galaxy is a "pizza" and it has a diameter of 30 cm. On this scale, what would be the diameter of the M31 and how far (in cm) is it from the Milky Way? What will be the angular diameter of M31 as viewed from the Milky Way? How many full Moon does M31 span? (You may assume M31 has a face-on view towards us. It has a diameter of 200,000 light years, and at a distance of 2.5 million light year from Earth.)
Stellar evolution
We may see thousands of stars in the dark sky. Our universe consists of billions of stars. Stars may appear tiny to us but they are huge balls of gasses. Sun is a star of average size. Some stars are even a thousand times larger than the sun. The stars do not exist forever they have a certain lifetime. The life span of the sun is about 10 billion years. The star undergoes various changes during its lifetime, this process is called stellar evolution. The structure of the sun-like star is shown below.
Red Shift
It is an astronomical phenomenon. In this phenomenon, increase in wavelength with corresponding decrease in photon energy and frequency of radiation of light. It is the displacement of spectrum of any kind of astronomical object to the longer wavelengths (red) side.

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