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APESTOXIC OVERL OAD? Name: E: Friday 4/22/22 The Dose Makes the Poison Toxicology and the LD 50 bioassay. All substances, including the ones that we consider essential for life, such as water or sugar, can be toxic if too much is consumed. When introducing new chemicals into the human environment, through industrial activities, new medications, cosmetics, cleaning products, and even fabric treatments, it is essential that scientists determine the dose at which these chemicals can present a significant danger to human health. One method of determining a chemical's toxicity level is by performing a test known as the LD50 bioassay. This test determines the median lethal dose of the chemical, which is the dose at which 50% of the animals being tested do not survive. Recent advances in LD50 testing have begun to evaluate and use replacement alternatives to traditional mouse or rat models. These include various tests using human cells and tests that require fewer animal models. Using human cells to test for lethal dose can be a better representation than an animal model, since an animal model does always extrapolate to a human. There are also on-going changes to the regulatory requirements for these various tests. Here's a reference article from the National Institutes of Health if you're interested. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6117820/ An LD50 bioassay can be a good reference, but, of course, sensitivities differ among different people and is just one way to test how toxic a substance is. Let's look at some different chemicals, their toxic levels, and how we might be exposed to them. Use the link "The Dose Makes the Poison" on the Environmental Health page on Canvas. It's from the American Chemical Council. Then, complete the graphs, calculations, and questions. Part One: Getting to Know Your Toxins 11 Search the chemical formula for each of the following compounds and list it under Elemental mposition. Compound Elemental composition Salt Sodium Fluoride Ammonia Formaldehyde Chlorine Dioxide Caffeine 2) Use the "The Dose Makes the Poison" to complete the following table. Item Primary route of exposure Regular level of exposure Toxic Level Toothpaste Espresso ater Alcohol Caffeine

APESTOXIC OVERL OAD? Name: E: Friday 4/22/22 The Dose Makes the Poison Toxicology and the LD 50 bioassay. All substances, including the ones that we consider essential for life, such as water or sugar, can be toxic if too much is consumed. When introducing new chemicals into the human environment, through industrial activities, new medications, cosmetics, cleaning products, and even fabric treatments, it is essential that scientists determine the dose at which these chemicals can present a significant danger to human health. One method of determining a chemical's toxicity level is by performing a test known as the LD50 bioassay. This test determines the median lethal dose of the chemical, which is the dose at which 50% of the animals being tested do not survive. Recent advances in LD50 testing have begun to evaluate and use replacement alternatives to traditional mouse or rat models. These include various tests using human cells and tests that require fewer animal models. Using human cells to test for lethal dose can be a better representation than an animal model, since an animal model does always extrapolate to a human. There are also on-going changes to the regulatory requirements for these various tests. Here's a reference article from the National Institutes of Health if you're interested. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6117820/ An LD50 bioassay can be a good reference, but, of course, sensitivities differ among different people and is just one way to test how toxic a substance is. Let's look at some different chemicals, their toxic levels, and how we might be exposed to them. Use the link "The Dose Makes the Poison" on the Environmental Health page on Canvas. It's from the American Chemical Council. Then, complete the graphs, calculations, and questions. Part One: Getting to Know Your Toxins 11 Search the chemical formula for each of the following compounds and list it under Elemental mposition. Compound Elemental composition Salt Sodium Fluoride Ammonia Formaldehyde Chlorine Dioxide Caffeine 2) Use the "The Dose Makes the Poison" to complete the following table. Item Primary route of exposure Regular level of exposure Toxic Level Toothpaste Espresso ater Alcohol Caffeine

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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https://www.chemicalsafetyfacts.org/dose-makes-poison-gallery/ This is the link to help out the worksheet. Thank you
APESTOXI C OVERL OAD? Name: DE: Friday 4/22/22 The Dose Makes the Poison Toxicology and the LD 50 bioassay. All substances, including the ones that we consider essential for life, such as water or sugar, can be toxic if too much is consumed. When introducing new chemicals into the human environment, through industrial activities, new medications, cosmetics, cleaning products, and even fabric treatments, it is essential that scientists determine the dose at which these chemicals can present a significant danger to human health. One method of determining a chemical's toxicity level is by performing a test known as the LD50 bioassay. This test determines the median lethal dose of the chemical, which is the dose at which 50% of the animals being tested do not survive. Recent advances in LD50 testing have begun to evaluate and use replacement alternatives to traditional mouse or rat models. These include various tests using human cells and tests that require fewer animal models. Using human cells to test for lethal dose can be a better representation than an animal model, since an animal model does always extrapolate to a human. There are also on-going changes to the regulatory requirements for these various tests. Here's a reference article from the National Institutes of Health if you're interested. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6117820/ An LD50 bioassay can be a good reference, but, of course, sensitivities differ among different people and is just one way to test how toxic a substance is. Let's look at some different chemicals, their toxic levels, and how we might be exposed to them. Use the link "The Dose Makes the Poison" on the Environmental Health page on Canvas. It's from the American Chemical Council. Then, complete the graphs, calculations, and questions. Part One: Getting to Know Your Toxins 11 Search the chemical formula for each of the following compounds and list it under Elemental mposition. Compound Elemental composition Salt Sodium Fluoride Ammonia Formaldehyde Chlorine Dioxide Caffeine 2) Use the "The Dose Makes the Poison" to complete the following table. Item Primary route of exposure Regular level of exposure Toxic Level Toothpaste Espresso ater Alcohol Caffeine
Transcribed Image Text:APESTOXI C OVERL OAD? Name: DE: Friday 4/22/22 The Dose Makes the Poison Toxicology and the LD 50 bioassay. All substances, including the ones that we consider essential for life, such as water or sugar, can be toxic if too much is consumed. When introducing new chemicals into the human environment, through industrial activities, new medications, cosmetics, cleaning products, and even fabric treatments, it is essential that scientists determine the dose at which these chemicals can present a significant danger to human health. One method of determining a chemical's toxicity level is by performing a test known as the LD50 bioassay. This test determines the median lethal dose of the chemical, which is the dose at which 50% of the animals being tested do not survive. Recent advances in LD50 testing have begun to evaluate and use replacement alternatives to traditional mouse or rat models. These include various tests using human cells and tests that require fewer animal models. Using human cells to test for lethal dose can be a better representation than an animal model, since an animal model does always extrapolate to a human. There are also on-going changes to the regulatory requirements for these various tests. Here's a reference article from the National Institutes of Health if you're interested. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6117820/ An LD50 bioassay can be a good reference, but, of course, sensitivities differ among different people and is just one way to test how toxic a substance is. Let's look at some different chemicals, their toxic levels, and how we might be exposed to them. Use the link "The Dose Makes the Poison" on the Environmental Health page on Canvas. It's from the American Chemical Council. Then, complete the graphs, calculations, and questions. Part One: Getting to Know Your Toxins 11 Search the chemical formula for each of the following compounds and list it under Elemental mposition. Compound Elemental composition Salt Sodium Fluoride Ammonia Formaldehyde Chlorine Dioxide Caffeine 2) Use the "The Dose Makes the Poison" to complete the following table. Item Primary route of exposure Regular level of exposure Toxic Level Toothpaste Espresso ater Alcohol Caffeine
Chlorine Dioxide Polystyrene Part Two: Determining the LD50 Here is an example LD50 dose response Dose-Response Graph curve. 3) The dose curve shown is for Drug X. Use the graph to determine the LD50 for Chemical X. 100 O Data Point 4) An LD50 bioassay is done for Drug Y, which is found to have an LD50 level of LD50 5mg/kg. Would you consider this drug to be more or less dangerous than Drug X? Explain. 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Dose (mg/kg) Ton "Mg/kg" refers to the amount of the chemical in milligrams per kilogram of body weight of the subject. 5) PREDICTION: The following compounds are chemicals a person may be exposed to in their everyday life. Rank these substances 1-4 in order from least toxic to most toxic. Alcohol Sodium Chloride (table salt) Sucrose (table sugar) Nicotine Data Analysis Now that you are familiar with the process of determining the LD 50 level for a chemical, you will use the data for different toxins in the table below. This data came from Lesson 2: The Dose Makes the Poison that is no longer supported. The data is based on how the dose affects the number of seeds that germinate. The simulation represented a dose-response seed germination experiment. The simulation exposed the seeds to successively weaker solutions and the number of seeds receiving a lethal dose was counted. For each concentration, the data represents the percent of seeds NOT germinated.
Transcribed Image Text:Chlorine Dioxide Polystyrene Part Two: Determining the LD50 Here is an example LD50 dose response Dose-Response Graph curve. 3) The dose curve shown is for Drug X. Use the graph to determine the LD50 for Chemical X. 100 O Data Point 4) An LD50 bioassay is done for Drug Y, which is found to have an LD50 level of LD50 5mg/kg. Would you consider this drug to be more or less dangerous than Drug X? Explain. 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Dose (mg/kg) Ton "Mg/kg" refers to the amount of the chemical in milligrams per kilogram of body weight of the subject. 5) PREDICTION: The following compounds are chemicals a person may be exposed to in their everyday life. Rank these substances 1-4 in order from least toxic to most toxic. Alcohol Sodium Chloride (table salt) Sucrose (table sugar) Nicotine Data Analysis Now that you are familiar with the process of determining the LD 50 level for a chemical, you will use the data for different toxins in the table below. This data came from Lesson 2: The Dose Makes the Poison that is no longer supported. The data is based on how the dose affects the number of seeds that germinate. The simulation represented a dose-response seed germination experiment. The simulation exposed the seeds to successively weaker solutions and the number of seeds receiving a lethal dose was counted. For each concentration, the data represents the percent of seeds NOT germinated.
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