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Answer the below questions in your own document. 1. On the amino acid shown in Figure 1, label the a-carbon. 2. The a-carbon of each of the 20 amino acids is bonded to one hydrogen atom, one amino group, one carboxyl group, and one R group (more on that below). You should recognize the amino and carboxyl groups from our discussion of functional groups in organic molecules. Circle and label* the amino group and the carboxyl group in Figure 1. *Note: our goal in this question, and in similar questions throughout this lab, is for you to be able to identify specific structures. You can do this circling/labeling in whatever way is easiest for you. You might want to draw the structures on a piece of paper, or use a computer program (like Powerpoint, Photoshop, Paint, Preview, etc.) to draw on these images. Whatever is easiest for you! 3. The last bond an a-carbon in an amino acid makes is to an R group,or side- chain. Circle and label the R group in Figure 1. Figure 3.2 on page 81 of your textbook shows the structures of all 20 amino acids. They are categorized into 4 chemical groups: nonpolar, uncharged polar, acidic, and basic. 4. Using the three groups you identified in Figure 1 as a reference, what is the only thing that is different about each of the 20 amino acids? 5. Look at the amino acids in each of the four groups and compare them to the ones in the other groups. Figure out rules that describe what the members of each group have in common so that you will be able to identify the chemical group for each of the 20 amino acids if you are shown its structure. Record your rules in a table similar to the one shown below. Chemical Group Rules Describing Membership in this Group

Answer the below questions in your own document. 1. On the amino acid shown in Figure 1, label the a-carbon. 2. The a-carbon of each of the 20 amino acids is bonded to one hydrogen atom, one amino group, one carboxyl group, and one R group (more on that below). You should recognize the amino and carboxyl groups from our discussion of functional groups in organic molecules. Circle and label* the amino group and the carboxyl group in Figure 1. *Note: our goal in this question, and in similar questions throughout this lab, is for you to be able to identify specific structures. You can do this circling/labeling in whatever way is easiest for you. You might want to draw the structures on a piece of paper, or use a computer program (like Powerpoint, Photoshop, Paint, Preview, etc.) to draw on these images. Whatever is easiest for you! 3. The last bond an a-carbon in an amino acid makes is to an R group,or side- chain. Circle and label the R group in Figure 1. Figure 3.2 on page 81 of your textbook shows the structures of all 20 amino acids. They are categorized into 4 chemical groups: nonpolar, uncharged polar, acidic, and basic. 4. Using the three groups you identified in Figure 1 as a reference, what is the only thing that is different about each of the 20 amino acids? 5. Look at the amino acids in each of the four groups and compare them to the ones in the other groups. Figure out rules that describe what the members of each group have in common so that you will be able to identify the chemical group for each of the 20 amino acids if you are shown its structure. Record your rules in a table similar to the one shown below. Chemical Group Rules Describing Membership in this Group

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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**Exercise A: Amino Acid Functional Groups** Figure 1 below shows one of the 20 amino acids that make up proteins. Recall that carbon can form four covalent bonds. Amino acids consist of a central carbon, called the α-carbon, that is bonded to four different chemical groups. **Diagram Description:** - The central carbon (C) is depicted with four bonds extending from it. - To the left, the amino group is shown with the notation \( \text{NH}_3^+ \). - To the right, the carboxylic group is represented as \( \text{COO}^- \). - Below the central carbon, a side chain or R group is shown, labeled \( \text{CH}_2\text{OH} \). - Above the central carbon, a hydrogen atom (H) is bonded. **Figure 1. Structure of an amino acid** This diagram illustrates the basic structure all amino acids share, while the side chain (R group) varies among different amino acids, allowing for distinct chemical properties.
Transcribed Image Text:**Exercise A: Amino Acid Functional Groups** Figure 1 below shows one of the 20 amino acids that make up proteins. Recall that carbon can form four covalent bonds. Amino acids consist of a central carbon, called the α-carbon, that is bonded to four different chemical groups. **Diagram Description:** - The central carbon (C) is depicted with four bonds extending from it. - To the left, the amino group is shown with the notation \( \text{NH}_3^+ \). - To the right, the carboxylic group is represented as \( \text{COO}^- \). - Below the central carbon, a side chain or R group is shown, labeled \( \text{CH}_2\text{OH} \). - Above the central carbon, a hydrogen atom (H) is bonded. **Figure 1. Structure of an amino acid** This diagram illustrates the basic structure all amino acids share, while the side chain (R group) varies among different amino acids, allowing for distinct chemical properties.
**Transcription for Educational Website:** --- ### Instructions for Amino Acid Identification 1. **Label the α-carbon:** On the amino acid shown in Figure 1, label the α-carbon. 2. **Identify Key Groups:** - The α-carbon of each of the 20 amino acids is bonded to one hydrogen atom, one amino group, one carboxyl group, and one R group. You should recognize the amino and carboxyl groups from our discussion of functional groups in organic molecules. - **Task:** Circle and label the amino group and the carboxyl group in Figure 1. *Note: Our goal in this question, and in similar questions throughout this lab, is for you to be able to identify specific structures. You can do this circling/labeling in whatever way is easiest for you. You might want to draw the structures on a piece of paper, or use a computer program (like Powerpoint, Photoshop, Paint, Preview, etc.) to draw on these images. Whatever is easiest for you!* 3. **Label the R group:** - The last bond an α-carbon in an amino acid makes is to an R group, or side-chain. - **Task:** Circle and label the R group in Figure 1. 4. **Differences in Amino Acids:** - Using the three groups you identified in Figure 1 as a reference, determine: **What is the only thing that is different about each of the 20 amino acids?** 5. **Group Analysis:** - Look at the amino acids in each of the four groups and compare them to the ones in the other groups. Figure out rules that describe what the members of each group have in common so that you will be able to identify the chemical group for each of the 20 amino acids if you are shown its structure. - **Record your rules in a table similar to the one shown below.** #### Chemical Group Table | Chemical Group | Rules Describing Membership in this Group | |-----------------|---------------------------------------------| | | | | | | | | | | | | ---
Transcribed Image Text:**Transcription for Educational Website:** --- ### Instructions for Amino Acid Identification 1. **Label the α-carbon:** On the amino acid shown in Figure 1, label the α-carbon. 2. **Identify Key Groups:** - The α-carbon of each of the 20 amino acids is bonded to one hydrogen atom, one amino group, one carboxyl group, and one R group. You should recognize the amino and carboxyl groups from our discussion of functional groups in organic molecules. - **Task:** Circle and label the amino group and the carboxyl group in Figure 1. *Note: Our goal in this question, and in similar questions throughout this lab, is for you to be able to identify specific structures. You can do this circling/labeling in whatever way is easiest for you. You might want to draw the structures on a piece of paper, or use a computer program (like Powerpoint, Photoshop, Paint, Preview, etc.) to draw on these images. Whatever is easiest for you!* 3. **Label the R group:** - The last bond an α-carbon in an amino acid makes is to an R group, or side-chain. - **Task:** Circle and label the R group in Figure 1. 4. **Differences in Amino Acids:** - Using the three groups you identified in Figure 1 as a reference, determine: **What is the only thing that is different about each of the 20 amino acids?** 5. **Group Analysis:** - Look at the amino acids in each of the four groups and compare them to the ones in the other groups. Figure out rules that describe what the members of each group have in common so that you will be able to identify the chemical group for each of the 20 amino acids if you are shown its structure. - **Record your rules in a table similar to the one shown below.** #### Chemical Group Table | Chemical Group | Rules Describing Membership in this Group | |-----------------|---------------------------------------------| | | | | | | | | | | | | ---
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