Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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Answer the 5 following questions. Thank you
![GENERAL CHEMISTRY 2
MODULE 4
CHEMICAL KINETICS
The Rate Law
What I Need To Know
1. Write mathematical relationship between the rate of reaction, rate constant and the
concentrations of the reactants.
2. Differentiate zero, first and second order reactions
3. Write the rate law for 1st order reactions
Mini Lesson
The rate law for kinetics is based on the law of mass action which states that: "The rate of a
chemical reaction is directly proportional to the product of the concentrations of reacting substances,
each raised to appropriate power"
The general formula for a rate law is:
R= K [A]* [B]*
where= R is the reaction rate
K is the rate constant
A and B represent the molar concentrations of reactants
The x and y are the representative powers to which the concentrations are raised, based on
experimental data.
Note: One cannot assume that the coefficients in the balanced equation for a net reaction are the
exponents in the rate law for the reaction. The dependence of reaction rate on concentration of reactants
was first recognized as a general principle of the law of mass action.
In the rate law, the exponents of reactant concentrations are determined experimentally. A zero-order
reaction has a rate that is independent of the concentration of the reactants. As such increasing or
decreasing the concentration of the reacting species will not speed up or slow down the reaction rate.
Example of a zero order reaction is the Haber process used to manufacture ammonia from hydrogen and
nitrogen gas.
First-order reaction: a reaction that depends on the concentration of only one reactant
(unimolecular reaction). Other reactants can be presents, but each will be zero order
Second-order reaction is a chemical reaction wherein the sum of the exponents in the
corresponding rate law of the chemical reaction is equal to two, It can be understood that
second order reactions are chemical reactions which depend on either the concentrations
of two first-order reactants or the concentration of the second order reactant.
Answer the following:
1. What is reaction rate?
2. Is change in temperature and introduction of a catalyst will affect the rate constant of a
reaction? Why?
For number 3-5, use the equation below to answer the questions
H20→ 2H2 + 02 (assume reaction rate occurs at constant temperature)
3. Give the rate law
4. Write the overall order of the reaction
5. Find the rate, given K=1.14x10² and H20 concentration is 2.04Molar](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F057bce08-e074-4cd0-9f48-36f9c851cf04%2F07fa93b3-b53d-4059-a6a3-e444d87bd692%2F1le9q9b_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
Transcribed Image Text:GENERAL CHEMISTRY 2
MODULE 4
CHEMICAL KINETICS
The Rate Law
What I Need To Know
1. Write mathematical relationship between the rate of reaction, rate constant and the
concentrations of the reactants.
2. Differentiate zero, first and second order reactions
3. Write the rate law for 1st order reactions
Mini Lesson
The rate law for kinetics is based on the law of mass action which states that: "The rate of a
chemical reaction is directly proportional to the product of the concentrations of reacting substances,
each raised to appropriate power"
The general formula for a rate law is:
R= K [A]* [B]*
where= R is the reaction rate
K is the rate constant
A and B represent the molar concentrations of reactants
The x and y are the representative powers to which the concentrations are raised, based on
experimental data.
Note: One cannot assume that the coefficients in the balanced equation for a net reaction are the
exponents in the rate law for the reaction. The dependence of reaction rate on concentration of reactants
was first recognized as a general principle of the law of mass action.
In the rate law, the exponents of reactant concentrations are determined experimentally. A zero-order
reaction has a rate that is independent of the concentration of the reactants. As such increasing or
decreasing the concentration of the reacting species will not speed up or slow down the reaction rate.
Example of a zero order reaction is the Haber process used to manufacture ammonia from hydrogen and
nitrogen gas.
First-order reaction: a reaction that depends on the concentration of only one reactant
(unimolecular reaction). Other reactants can be presents, but each will be zero order
Second-order reaction is a chemical reaction wherein the sum of the exponents in the
corresponding rate law of the chemical reaction is equal to two, It can be understood that
second order reactions are chemical reactions which depend on either the concentrations
of two first-order reactants or the concentration of the second order reactant.
Answer the following:
1. What is reaction rate?
2. Is change in temperature and introduction of a catalyst will affect the rate constant of a
reaction? Why?
For number 3-5, use the equation below to answer the questions
H20→ 2H2 + 02 (assume reaction rate occurs at constant temperature)
3. Give the rate law
4. Write the overall order of the reaction
5. Find the rate, given K=1.14x10² and H20 concentration is 2.04Molar
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