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Answer each question by itself 1. What are the top 5 causes of death in the United States for 2020? 2. How have these changed over the past 10 years? 3. Which of the top 5 causes of death can be attributable to communicable disease, non-communicable disease, and/or environmental diseases and injury? Do they have multiple causes? 4. Relating the top causes of mortality to "actual" causes of death (Table SO3.2), what cause would your group decided to focus public health initiatives to reduce mortality in America today? Why? Table is found on page 127 of your text in Section III. https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/leading-causes-of-death.htm

Answer each question by itself 1. What are the top 5 causes of death in the United States for 2020? 2. How have these changed over the past 10 years? 3. Which of the top 5 causes of death can be attributable to communicable disease, non-communicable disease, and/or environmental diseases and injury? Do they have multiple causes? 4. Relating the top causes of mortality to "actual" causes of death (Table SO3.2), what cause would your group decided to focus public health initiatives to reduce mortality in America today? Why? Table is found on page 127 of your text in Section III. https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/leading-causes-of-death.htm

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Answer each question by itself 1. What are the top 5 causes of death in the United States for 2020? 2. How have these changed over the past 10 years? 3. Which of the top 5 causes of death can be attributable to communicable disease, non-communicable disease, and/or environmental diseases and injury? Do they have multiple causes? 4. Relating the top causes of mortality to "actual" causes of death (Table SO3.2), what cause would your group decided to focus public health initiatives to reduce mortality in America today? Why? Table is found on page 127 of your text in Section III. https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/leading-causes-of-death.htm
TABLE S03.2 Actual Causes of Death in the United States Actual cause Tobacco Diet and physical inactivity Alcohol consumption Microbial agents (infections) Toxic agents Motor vehicles Firearms Sexual behavior Illicit drug use Total Number of deaths 435,000 365,000 85,000 75,000 55,000 43,000 29,000 20,000 17,000 Section III Preventing Disease, Morbidity, and Mortality 1,124,000 (total deaths 2,403,351) *This is the most recently available data but does not fully reflect the current actual causes of death in the United States. In recent years there has been a large increase in drug related deaths from both illicit drug use and prescription drug use. Deaths from antibiotic resistant bacterial infections have increased in recent years raising the number of deaths from microbial agents (infections). Deaths due to diet and physical activity are increasing and those due to tobacco are beginning to fall resulting in roughly equal numbers for these two actual causes. Data from Mokdad AM, Marks JS, Stroup DF, Gerberding JL. Actual causes of death in the United States 2000. JAMA. 2004;291:1238-1245. Anxiety disorders Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Drug use disorders Diabetes are the leading causes of morbidity. Dental disease, especially gum disease or periodontitis, may be under- represented in this list since it occurs in approximately 50% of adults and is the leading cause of tooth loss. Major causes of mortality including diabetes, chronic obstructive lung disease, Alzheimer's, ischemic heart disease, stroke, and chronic kidney disease make up only about 15% of the overall impact of morbidity among these 30 conditions. The data from the Burden of Disease study sug- gests that the impact of morbidity on healthy years lived is almost as great as the impact imposed by pre- mature deaths. The total impact from these 30 con- ditions on the number of healthy years lived by the average American is approximately 10% of the poten- tial healthy years of life. That is, approximately 10% of the average American's healthy life is lost due to disability. TABLE S03.3 The 30 Leading Causes of Morbidity in the United States Cause of morbidity-in order of impact Low back pain Major depressive disorder Other musculoskeletal disorders Neck pain 127 When looking at the impacts of conditions on health it is important to look not only at premature death but also at the impact that a condition has on reducing the quality of life; that is, on disability or morbidity. In Chapters 6, 7, and 8, we will address non- communicable and communicable diseases, review environmental health and injury, and examine the public health strategies that have been used to address each of them. We will aim to better under- stand the burden of disease, both premature mor- tality and morbidity, and strategies for addressing them. Let us begin with the largest category of dis- ease in the United States today-noncommunicable diseases. Number of years lived with disability (YLD) in thousands* 3180 3048 2602 2134 1866 1745 1295 1164 (continues)
Transcribed Image Text:TABLE S03.2 Actual Causes of Death in the United States Actual cause Tobacco Diet and physical inactivity Alcohol consumption Microbial agents (infections) Toxic agents Motor vehicles Firearms Sexual behavior Illicit drug use Total Number of deaths 435,000 365,000 85,000 75,000 55,000 43,000 29,000 20,000 17,000 Section III Preventing Disease, Morbidity, and Mortality 1,124,000 (total deaths 2,403,351) *This is the most recently available data but does not fully reflect the current actual causes of death in the United States. In recent years there has been a large increase in drug related deaths from both illicit drug use and prescription drug use. Deaths from antibiotic resistant bacterial infections have increased in recent years raising the number of deaths from microbial agents (infections). Deaths due to diet and physical activity are increasing and those due to tobacco are beginning to fall resulting in roughly equal numbers for these two actual causes. Data from Mokdad AM, Marks JS, Stroup DF, Gerberding JL. Actual causes of death in the United States 2000. JAMA. 2004;291:1238-1245. Anxiety disorders Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Drug use disorders Diabetes are the leading causes of morbidity. Dental disease, especially gum disease or periodontitis, may be under- represented in this list since it occurs in approximately 50% of adults and is the leading cause of tooth loss. Major causes of mortality including diabetes, chronic obstructive lung disease, Alzheimer's, ischemic heart disease, stroke, and chronic kidney disease make up only about 15% of the overall impact of morbidity among these 30 conditions. The data from the Burden of Disease study sug- gests that the impact of morbidity on healthy years lived is almost as great as the impact imposed by pre- mature deaths. The total impact from these 30 con- ditions on the number of healthy years lived by the average American is approximately 10% of the poten- tial healthy years of life. That is, approximately 10% of the average American's healthy life is lost due to disability. TABLE S03.3 The 30 Leading Causes of Morbidity in the United States Cause of morbidity-in order of impact Low back pain Major depressive disorder Other musculoskeletal disorders Neck pain 127 When looking at the impacts of conditions on health it is important to look not only at premature death but also at the impact that a condition has on reducing the quality of life; that is, on disability or morbidity. In Chapters 6, 7, and 8, we will address non- communicable and communicable diseases, review environmental health and injury, and examine the public health strategies that have been used to address each of them. We will aim to better under- stand the burden of disease, both premature mor- tality and morbidity, and strategies for addressing them. Let us begin with the largest category of dis- ease in the United States today-noncommunicable diseases. Number of years lived with disability (YLD) in thousands* 3180 3048 2602 2134 1866 1745 1295 1164 (continues)
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